Term
| Resistance in garder snakes to TTX toxin in rough skinned newts |
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Definition
| snakes more resistantto TTX in areas with toxic newts |
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Term
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Definition
Herbivores may promote plant species coexistance.
Mowed: high plant height
Not mowed: low plant height |
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Term
| Starfish predation by paine |
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Definition
Starfish present: more species and space
Starfish removed: Less prey species and space
Increasing starfish=increase diversity of prey species. |
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Term
| Starfish predation by paine |
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Definition
Starfish present: more species and space
Starfish removed: Less prey species and space
Increasing starfish=increase diversity of prey species.
Starfish prefer to eat mussels |
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Term
| Study of rocky intertidal disturbances by Dayton |
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Definition
Logs present: More species and space
Absent logs: Few species, low space. Prevent excluders (like starfish) |
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Term
| Tropical coral reef species by Connell |
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Definition
| Number of species was highest in areas were disturbances were at an intermediate level |
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Term
| Study of Algae in an intertidal boulder field by Wayne Sousa |
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Definition
Green algae- good disperser, but vulnerable to disturbances
Red algae- poor disperser, but can tolerate disturbances
a. competitive exclusion by red algae
b. coexistence of green and red
c. only green are present |
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Term
| Experimental Field Study of Snails Eating Algae by Jane Lubchenco |
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Definition
Looking at intertidal region.
A: tide pools: sails intermediate hypothesis
B: Emergent substrates: Snails decrease species diversity
Snails preferred competitive dominant alge in tide pools, and inferior competitor on emergent substrates |
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Term
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Definition
Facilitation model: Early successional species have positive effect on late successional species
E can initially colonize, L requires E first, so E faciliates L. Superorganism hypothesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| E is a better disperser. L is more tolerant to crowded conditions so outcompetes E. This is r-K theory |
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Term
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Definition
| Early and late species inhibit each other. E is a better disperser and inhibits L. But L lives longer than E |
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Term
| Glocial Moraines in Southeast alaska |
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Definition
| Initially substrate has high pH and low nitrogen which can only be colonized by mosses and weeds that add some N and form soil for willows, cottonwood, and alders. Alders have root nodules with n fixing bacteria (RHIZOBIA) and leaves are acidic, which decreases pH and increases N of soil, conditions necessary for spruce and hemlock. Supports facilitation model and is primary succession. |
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Term
| supports for facilitation model |
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Definition
| early species modify the environment in a way that allows the later species to colonize. Facilitation is common in stages of primary succession |
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Term
| Old fields in north carolina - secondary succession |
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Definition
| Broomsedge is stolerant to low soil moisture and excludes Aster. Pines are tolerant to low soil moisture and when they grow tall they shade the Broomsedge. Oak trees are more shade tolerant and exclude Pines. Experiments showed that pine seeds can grow immediately after a field is abandoned. Supports tolerance models. |
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Term
| Experimental field study of colonization of glass slides by Bacteria and Hydroids |
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Definition
Hyroid colonies
Bacteria: many hydroid
No bacteria: few hdroids
Supports facilitation model. need bacteria to get colonization of hydroids. |
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Term
| Succession of Sessile intertidal organims by Dayton |
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Definition
| Barnacles settle first. Mussells settle in between barnacles, grow fast and exclude barnacles. When barnacles were removed, mussels settled. Supports tolerance model. |
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Term
| Study of Algae in Intertidal Boulder field by Sousa |
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Definition
Green- early successional, weak structural support, short life span.
Red- late successional, strong structure, long life.
Colonization of red algae:
Green removed:Tolerance and inhibition
Green present: Facilitation, tolerance
Supports inhibition model: red live longer because they have stronger holdfasts. |
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Term
| Study of tropical coral reef species by Connell |
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Definition
| No hurricane=species diversiy goes down |
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Term
| Study of tropical coral reef species by Connell |
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Definition
| No hurricane=species diversiy goes down |
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Term
| Studies of altitudinal variation in Achillea by Clausen, Keck, Hiesey |
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Definition
| Reverse relationship. Low population is low altitude and inverse relationship. |
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