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| 12 pairs that control sensation, movement, and autonomic control above the neck. |
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| Trigeminal (Sensory Face) |
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| Facial control (Facial expressions |
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| Auditory and Vestibule= (hearing and sense of balance) |
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| Vagus (heart rate, breathing, organ sensation) |
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| 31 pairs= sensation, movement, autonomic control below the neck (except Vagus, nerve X) |
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| Carry motor information (from ventral horn of spinal cord) to muscles |
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| carry sensory information from skin and Proprioceptors (To dorsal horn) as well as automatic paths |
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| Uses energy to enable the organism in flight or fight situations |
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| Stores energy, active during periods of relative calm. |
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| the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior |
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| send chemical messages across the synapes |
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| naturally made neruotransmitter |
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| Neurotransmitter with immediate effects on the post-synaptic neurons. |
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| Neurotransmitter with long-term effects on post-synaptic neurons. they can alter sensitivity of neurons for future interactions |
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| Release of Transmitter Substance |
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Definition
| Usually happens in synaptic vesicles with in axon terminals. |
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Term
| The action potential causes what |
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Definition
| The entrance of CA++ and the formation of a fusion pore |
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| After action potential has happened |
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Definition
| The transmitter binds with post synaptic receptor and opens chemically gated ionic channel in post synaptic neuron. |
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| Effect of Transmitters on Post-synaptic membrane 1 |
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Definition
| Direct- immeditaley alters post syanptic receptors resulting in either EPSEP or IPSP dependent on which channel is opened |
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| Effect of Transmitters on Post-synaptic membrane 2 |
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| Does not immediately open a post synaptic channel. Through a series of steps the second messenger may alter the sensitivity of other channels or may even alter expression of DNA |
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| Three types of removals of transmitter from synaps |
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Definition
| simple diffusion, enzyme degregation, re-up take by pre synaptic terminal |
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| Types of Neurotransmitters |
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| Neromodulators, hormones, gases |
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| neurotransmitters differ in terms of where they are localized in the nervous system. |
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| The Excitatory and Inhibitory aspects of a transmitters effects are dependent upon the ____ |
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