Term
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Definition
| South Africa, 2 mya; mix of Austra (small brain/upper limb) and Homo (face, teeth, pelvis) |
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Term
| Paranthropus (robust Austra.) |
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Definition
-biped
-aethiopicus & boisei--> East Africa, robustus --> South Africa
-massive jaw, crushing teeth, sagittal crests
-high quantities of low quality food (seeds and nuts) |
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Term
|
Definition
-P. aethiopicus
-P. robustus
-P. boisei |
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Term
|
Definition
-A. anamensis
-A. afarensis
-A. garhi
-A. africanus
-A. sediba |
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Term
|
Definition
Lake Turkana, Kenya
-large cheek teeth, small anterior teeth
-massive prognathism, forward/down angled face |
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Term
|
Definition
-laterally flaring zygomatic arches
-huge mandible
-cheek teeth massive, small anterior teeth
-more flat face |
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Term
|
Definition
-site at Kromdraai, Swartkrans
-heavily built face/jaw
-massive cheek teeth, small anterior teeth (not as much as boisei)
-small body size |
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Term
|
Definition
-small body size
-sexual dimorphism
-vegetarian
-limited tools/culture/population size, distribution
-arboreal adaptations |
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Term
|
Definition
-named by Louis Leakey, found at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
-expanded brain (encephalization)
-decreased molar size
-new stone tool technology
-increasingly biped
-most likely ate more meat (hunted and scavenged) |
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Term
| Oldowan Tool culture (Olduvai Gorge) |
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Definition
-Homo habilis
-early stone tool technology
-cores and flakes as tools (heavy butchering/fracturing bones) |
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Term
|
Definition
-first to leave Africa 2 mya
-found in Africa and Asia
-body/brain size increase
-facial and dental reduction
-hunter gatherers
-stone tool technology
-sites: China, Java, Kenya (West Lake Turkana), Republic of Georgia
-Acheulian tool industry |
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Term
| Turkana Boy/ Nariokotomo Boy (Homo erectus) |
|
Definition
-West Turkana, Kenya
-12 years old |
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Term
|
Definition
-Africa, Homo erectus
-hunter/gatherer lifestyle (butchering sites, reliance on hunting)
-hand axes, picks, cleavers
-mental template |
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Term
|
Definition
-Indonesia
-dwarfed; hobbit
-around the beginning of Homo sapiens |
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Term
|
Definition
-glacial advances and interglacial retreat
-climate fluctuations
-Europe became more densly populated (Middle)
-hominin replacement |
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Term
|
Definition
-came after Homo erectus, lumps all Middle Pleistocene species together that didn't fit into other categories
(H. rhodesiensis, H. heidelbergensis, Asian Archaic H. Sapiens--> Dali, China) |
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Term
|
Definition
-Kabwe (Broken Hill), Zambia
-ancestor of modern humans |
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Term
|
Definition
-Pit of the Bones, Atapuerca, Spain
-700 bones, 28 individuals
-large, double arched brow ridges
-large brain, thick cranial bones
-receding forehead
-pronouned occipital torus
-retromolar space
-midfacial projection
-long and low cranium
-no chin
-evolved into Nead. |
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Term
|
Definition
-Feldhofer Grotto in Neander Valley, Germany
-Europe and Western Asia
-overlapped with modern humans
-large brain
-occipital bun
-short limbs and barrel chest
-adapted to the cold weather
-complex stone tools--> Mousterian tools
-adapted to the cold |
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Term
|
Definition
| -Neander Valley (Germany), Shanidar (Irag), La Chapelle (France), Mt. Carmel sites (Isreal) |
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Term
|
Definition
-prepared core technique to produce flakes
-used by Neandratals
-hafting |
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Term
|
Definition
-care/compassion for the disabled
-probable cannibalism
-evidence for burial
-specialized hunters
-not too different from us |
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Term
| Regional Continuity Model (Multiregional Evolution) |
|
Definition
-Milford Wolpoff
-gene flow among populations kept one species
-lots of migration and interbreeding |
|
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Term
| Out of Africa Model (Replacement Model) |
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Definition
-Chris Stringer
-left Africa and replaced all other species of hominins living in other regions of the world
-no interbreeding between humans and other hominins |
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Term
| Earliest modern human fossil sites |
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Definition
| -Qafzeh and Skhul (Israel), Herto (Ethiopia), Klasies River Mouth (S. Africa) |
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Term
|
Definition
-two adults, 1 child
-predate Neand.
160,000 years old |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1) Human revolution (Richard Klein) |
|
Definition
-major cultural and tech. changes at 50,000 years ago
-major cognitive shift |
|
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Term
| 2) No human revolution (Brooks and McBrearty) |
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Definition
-a gradual development of modern behavior in Africa 250,000-50,000 years ago
-evidence from Africa |
|
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Term
Upper Paleolithic--> UP tools
-Art and symbolism |
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Definition
-blades, microliths, many raw materials, specialized tools, increased efficiencey/transportation
-"style"
-elaborate cave paintings
-evidence for ritual/burial |
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Term
|
Definition
-Lascaux, France (cave paintings) also Altamira and Grotte Chauvet
-portable art and personal ornamentation |
|
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Term
| Subsistence Strategy and diet |
|
Definition
-Atlatl (spear thrower) and bow and arrow
-use of aquatic resources and birds
-hunted big animals |
|
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Term
| When did modern humans first appear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did humans first leave Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| modern human/neand. divergence |
|
Definition
| 440,000-270,000 years ago |
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