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Bio Anth - Chapter 2
N/A
39
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
01/24/2012

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Term
Variants
Definition
different forms of traits
Term
Nucleus
Definition
the brain in every cell
Term
Mitosis
Definition
ordinary cell division
Term
Diploid
Definition
organisms with homologous pairs
Term
Homologous Pairs
Definition
members have similar shapes & staining patterns
Term
Meiosis
Definition
cell division that contains only one copy of each chromosome & produces haploid cells
Term
Haploid
Definition
cells that contain only 1 copy of each chromosome
Term
Zygote
Definition
a single cell that divides mitotically
Term
Alleles
Definition
different varieties of a single gene
Term
Homozygous
Definition
2 copies of the same allele
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
copies of 2 different alleles
Term
Genotype
Definition
the particular combination of genes or alleles taht an individual carries
Term
Phenotype
Definition
observable characteristics
Term
Recessive
Definition
the allele has no affect on the phenotype
Term
Recombination
Definition
producing a new combination of traits
Term
Locus
Definition
the genes of a particular character occur at a particular site on a particular chormosome
Term
Genome
Definition
All the genes on all the chromosomes
Term
Linked
Definition
when loci for different traits occur on the same chromosome
Term
Unlinked
Definition
loci on different chromosome
Term
Crossing Over
Definition
when genes on 1 chromosome shift from 1 member of a homologous pair to the other
Term
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Definition
particle of heredity
Term
Name the 4 DNA Bases
Definition
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Term
Biochemical Pathways
Definition
branches of compounds
Term
Primary Structure
Definition
sequence of amino acid side chains
Term
Tertiary Structure
Definition
3D shape of a folded protein
Term
Hemoglobin Molecule
Definition
a protein that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues via red blood cells
Term
Sickle-cell Anemia
Definition
a condition common among people in West Africa and among African Americans that reduces the ability to bind oxygen
Term
Codons
Definition
the 3 letter sections of DNA that code for amino acids
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
small cellular organelles
Term
Organelles
Definition
cellular components that perform a particular function
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
organisms without a chromosome or cell nucleus
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
organism with a chromosome and cell nucleus
Term
Introns
Definition
noncoding sequences
Term
Exons
Definition
protein coding sequences
Term
Repressor
Definition
prevents the protein coding genes from being transcribed
Term
Activator
Definition
increases the rate of protein coding genes being transcribed when presence of lactose
Term
Combinatorial Control
Definition
the existence of multiple regulatory sequences
Term
Spliceosomes
Definition
the organelles that splice mRNA
Term
Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)
Definition
no function
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