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| The transmission of traits from generation to the next. Segments of DNA. |
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| The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation. |
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| Hereditary units that parents endow their offspring with. |
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| The collection of genes we inherit from our mothers and fathers. |
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| Reproductive cells, the vehicles that transmit genes from one generation to the next. The only cells not produced by mitosis. |
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| A gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome. |
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| A group of genetically identical individuals normally because of asexual reproduction. |
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| the generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism, from conception to production of its own offspring. |
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| Any cell other than a gamete. Has 46 chromosomes. |
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| An instrument that arranges chromosomes in pairs, starting with the longest chromosomes. |
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| Homologous Chromosomes (homologues) |
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| Two chromosomes composomg a pair that have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern. |
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| The chromosomes other than the X and Y chromosomes. |
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| Any cell with two chromosome sets. |
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| The fusion of the nuclei between a sperm cell and a haploid ovum. |
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| The type of cell division by which germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced. It involves a reduction in the amount of genetic material. Only occurs in the ovaries or testes.[image] |
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| Alternation of generations |
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| A life cycle which includes both diploid and haploid multicellular stages. Exhibitted by plants and some species of algae. |
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| The multicellular diploid stage. |
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| Haploid cells produced in the sporophyte during meiosis. Unlike a gamete, gives rise to a multicellular individual without fusing with another cell. |
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| A multicellular haploid stage generated when a spore divides mitotically. Makes gametes by mitosis. |
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| Genetic rearrangement between nonsister chromatids. Occurs during prophase I. |
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| An x-shaped region found in each tetrad. |
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| The step of meiosis where the number of chromosome sets per cell is halved. |
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| When each homologous pair of chromosomes is positioned independently of the other pairs at metaphase I, the first meiotic division results in each pair sorting its maternal and paternal homologues into daughter cells independently of every other pair. |
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| Individual chromosomes that cary genes (DNA) derived from two different parents. |
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| A heritable feature, such as flower color, that varies among individuals. |
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| Each variant for a character, such as purple or white colors for flowers. |
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| Plants that produce the same variations when self-pollinating. |
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| Mating or crossing of two true-breeding varieties. |
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| hybrid offspring of P generation |
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| the offspring from hybrid F1 generation. |
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| Alternative versions of a gene |
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| An experiment used to find the genotype of something such as whether it is PP or Pp. |
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| Heterozygous for one character: Yy |
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| Two Heterozygous characters: YyRy |
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| A situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and the dominant homozygote are distinguishable. |
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| A situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles |
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