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Definition
| the genetic material of an organism or virus |
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| the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II |
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| the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis |
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| the period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle. |
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| the first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins |
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| the second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins |
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| the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated |
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| the first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact |
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| the second stage of mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosome |
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| the third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase plate |
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| the fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell |
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| the fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun |
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| an assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis |
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Definition
| a structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division; has two centrioles |
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Definition
| a radical array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in an animal cell undergoing mitosis |
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| a structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle |
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| a membrane-bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis |
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| a method of asexual reproduction by "division in half" |
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| a non-dividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes reversibly. |
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Definition
| a cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle |
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Definition
| a protein kinase that is active only when attached to a particular cyclin |
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Definition
| maturation-promoting factor; a protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis |
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Definition
| a protein that must be present in the the extracellular environment for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells |
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| Density-Dependent Inhibition |
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Definition
| the phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another |
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Definition
| the requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to initiate cell division |
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