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Definition
| The plasma membrane's allowance of some substances to pass more easily through it than others. |
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| Cellular membranes are mostly made of... |
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Definition
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Definition
| The amphipathic lipid with a hydrophilic phosphate head, and hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids in the form of two tails, which makes up the bilayer |
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Definition
| When a molecule has both a hydrophobic region and a hydrophillic region. |
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| The model of how the membrane is a fluid structure with a "mosaic" of various proteins and phospholipids. |
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Definition
| Proteins that penetrate the whole bilayer with varying hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. |
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| Two major populations of membrane proteins: |
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Definition
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Definition
| Proteins loosely bound to the surface of the membrane. |
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| Functions of membrane proteins: |
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Definition
- transport
- enzymes
- cell communication
- physical attachment |
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Term
| Membrane carbohydrates used in cell-cell recognition are.. |
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Definition
| Glycoproteins and glycolipids |
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Term
| Glycoproteins and glycolipds are used for: |
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Definition
- Cell identification
- Immunity (self vs. not-self)
- Embryonic cell sorting |
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Term
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Definition
| internal regulation -- a characteristic of life. |
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Definition
| Flexible and stable -- a bit like how bubbles can morph and change, but not break. |
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Definition
| external plasma membranes, but Eukaryotes also have internal membranes. |
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Definition
| keep the membrane fluid-like. |
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Term
| What can easily pass the semipermeable membrane? |
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Definition
| hydrophobic, but not hydrophilic particles. |
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Term
| The membrane proteins are: |
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Definition
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Term
| The simplification of diagrams... |
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Definition
| While proteins looks like globs, they are actually complicated 3-D structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy used. |
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Term
| Categories of passive transport |
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Definition
| Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, osmosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The proteins that span the membrane that allow hydrophilic substances to pass through the hydrophobic bilayer. |
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Term
| Types of transport proteins |
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Definition
-- Channel proteins with a hydrohillic channel like a tunnel to pass through.
-- Carrier proteins that hold on to their molecular passengers and change shape in a way that shuttles them across the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of channel protein for H2O transport. |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached. |
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Term
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Definition
| The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases. |
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Term
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Definition
C02 in lungs
Drop of dye in water
Milk poured in tea. |
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Term
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Definition
| constant, random motion, diffusing independently of one another's concentration gradient. |
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Term
| Diffusion rate is influenced by: |
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Definition
- size of molecules
- concentration gradient
- temperature
- possibly electric or pressure gradients. |
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Term
| True or false: there are only a few types of protein in facilitated diffusion. |
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Definition
| False: Because proteins are specific to the substances they let pass through, cells have many different proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| The diffusion from a low to a high solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. |
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Term
| Is osmosis exclusive to water? |
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Definition
| No, but it happens most often with water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the solute is equal on both sides of a membrane and there is no net movement in or out of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the solution has more solute than the cell and the cell may lose water, shrivel and probably die. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the solution has less solute than the cell and the cell takes up water. |
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Term
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Definition
| the more dilute solution to the more concentrated solution, or from the more hypotonic solution to the hypertonic solution. |
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Term
| The ideal solution for a blood cell is |
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Definition
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Definition
| The control of solute concentrations and water balance, especially important in cells without cell walls. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Limp, what happens to a plant cell in an isotonic solution. |
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Definition
| Firm, a healthy state for plant cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Shriveled, where the plasma membrane pulls away from the wall. |
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Term
| While membranes ______________________, cell walls __________________. |
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Definition
| While membranes need water to swell up, cells walls stay rigid because they are made of cellulose. |
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Term
| The ideal solution for a plant cell is... |
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Definition
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| Diffusion deals with what type of particles? |
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Definition
| Small, nonpolar particles. |
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Term
| Facilitated diffusion deals with what type of particles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do you not want to drink distilled water when you are dehydrated? |
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Definition
| Your hypertonic cells will lyse from the uptake of water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passive transport of large, hydrophobic particles aided by proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Transportation across a membrane against the concentration gradient, which requires ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular energy, which drives transport proteins. |
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Term
| Sodium Potassium Pump (NaK Pump) |
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Definition
| An active protein transport system that exchanges Na ions for K ions against the concentration gradient by oscillating between two shapes for the ion shapes. |
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Term
| What charge does the inside of the cell have? |
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Definition
| A slight negative charge, which creates a concentration gradient into the cell for cations. |
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Term
| All sensory changes are a result of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When a protein's active transport of of a solute indirectly drives the active transport of other solutes, like how water pumped up hill can perform work while going back down. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant's cells active pumping of H+ ions out of the cell helps create the potential energy outside the cell to pump in other solutes against their gradients. |
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Term
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Definition
| When vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to transport large macromolecules out of the cell |
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Definition
| The taking in of particles by forming pocket-like vesicles that pinch into the cell. |
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Definition
| A version of endocytosis where a cell engulfs a large particle in a membranous sac; "cellular eating." |
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Definition
| A version of endocytosis where a cell "gulps" small particles in tiny membranous vesicles; "cellular drinking." |
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Term
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| A version of endocytosis for bulk quantities of specific substances where ligand molecules bind to receptors in the extracellular fluid and are taken into vesicles. |
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Term
| Endocytosis and exocytosis are both... |
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Definition
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Term
| The size of a plasma membrane |
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Definition
| ~8nm, like 1000th of a cell. |
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Term
| The phospholipid bilayer is comprised of |
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Definition
| phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins/glycolipids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site on another molecule. |
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