Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chain-links/strands of spheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| four spheres in one plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 8 spheres in cubic structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pairs of rod shaped cells, end to end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chain-links/strands of rods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells in between spherical and rod-shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corkscrew shaped, NOT wormlike |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corkscrew shaped, wormlike |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rigid
-protective - prevents osmotic lysis
-vulnerable to some antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| primary structure of gram postive cell wall |
|
Definition
| -thick layer peptidoglycan |
|
|
Term
| peptidoglycan is made up of |
|
Definition
| mainly carbohydrates with some proteins |
|
|
Term
| structure of peptidoglycan |
|
Definition
| carbohydrate rods cross linkes with short polypeptide (protein) chains; like woven fabric or chain link fence |
|
|
Term
| Gram positive cell wall stains what color? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do gram positive and gram negative cell structures get their name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structure of gram negative cell wall (2) |
|
Definition
-outer membrane
-thin layer of peptidoglycan |
|
|
Term
| The outer membrane of a gram negative cell wall has these components (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gram negative cell wall stains what color? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of cell walls (not gram positive or gram negative) (3) |
|
Definition
-Acid fast
-archaea
-wall-less |
|
|
Term
| Name two types of glycocalyx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 functions of gylcocalyx |
|
Definition
-attachment/stickiness
-protection from phagocytosis and desiccation
-emergency nutrient source
-prevents loss of nutrients |
|
|
Term
| Tail-like protuberance for motility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two or more flagella at one end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tuft of flagella at each end of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flagella all around the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flagella inside a sheath (like spirochetes' axial filaments) |
|
|
Term
| 2 parts of the flagella (structure) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial movement is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacterial taxis happens via |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial movement triggered by oxygen sensing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial movement triggered by chemical sensing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial movement triggered by light sensing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial movement triggered by electromagnetic sensing |
|
|
Term
| axial filaments create which motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| axial filaments are found on what kind of bacteria shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do axial filaments differ from flagella? (2) |
|
Definition
-axial filaments are under an outer sheath
-they are found on spirochetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfer DNA from one bacteria to another (sex pilus) |
|
|
Term
| 2 secondary functions of pili |
|
Definition
-aids motility
-attachment between two cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fertility = F
-a non-chromosomal bit of genetic material that allows a bacterial cell to form a sex pilus and transfer genetic material to other bacterial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -attachment between cells and host (improves ability to colonize) |
|
|
Term
| plasma membrane function (4) |
|
Definition
-selective permeability
-site of respiratory enzymes
-site of photosynthetic pigments and enzymes
-some antibiotics act here |
|
|
Term
| plasma membrance structure (2) |
|
Definition
-phospholipid bilayer
-membrane proteins |
|
|
Term
| phospholipid bilayer function |
|
Definition
| barrier to water soluble molecules |
|
|
Term
| what can pass through plasma membrane/phospholipid bilayer? (2) |
|
Definition
-fat soluble molecules
-small molecules (water) |
|
|
Term
| name the functions of proteins in the lipid bilayer (2) |
|
Definition
-transport proteins
-receptors |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of passive transport |
|
Definition
-simple diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-osmosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water moving from low solute to high solute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
solute moves from high concentration to low concentration
(in a cell only fat soluble molecules can cross lipid bilayer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solute moves from high concentration to low concentration (but in a cell needs a transport protein to get across lipid bilayer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution outside cell is lower concentration; fluid moves into the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution outside cell is higher concentration; fluid moves out of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution inside and outside the cell are at equal concentrations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caused by hypertonicity
-plasma membrane shrinks away from cell wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-moving from low concentration to high concentration
-requires a protein pump
-requires energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of the cell with genetic material; has no membrane |
|
|
Term
| bacterial chromosome is part of what organelle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the DNA in bacteria stored |
|
Definition
| on the chromosome in the nucleoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains non-essential genetic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inclusion storing phosphate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inclusion containing CO2 fixing enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inclusion providing bouyancy in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inclusion creating electromagnetism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protective dormant genetic spores that survive hostile environments for the survival of the species. |
|
|
Term
| endospores are formed by: |
|
Definition
| duplicate DNA segregates to one part of the cell, which gets surrounded by a separate plasma membrane and then peptidoglycan creates a protective coating for when cell dies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metabolism requiring energy input |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metabolism creating energy output |
|
|
Term
| examples of anabolic processes |
|
Definition
-synthesis of large molecules within the cell
-active transport
-movement |
|
|
Term
| examples of catabolic processes |
|
Definition
| -degradation of large molecules for fuel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reactions that store energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reactions that release energy |
|
|
Term
| substrate level phosphorylation |
|
Definition
transfer of phosphate from one molecule to another
-endergonic |
|
|
Term
| oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) |
|
Definition
| transfer of electrons from higher to lower energy level |
|
|
Term
| enzymes are integral to metabolism because |
|
Definition
| they lower activation energy for reactions |
|
|
Term
| prokaryote characteristics (2) |
|
Definition
-no internal membranes/organelles
-single cell organisms |
|
|
Term
| eukaryote characteristics (2) |
|
Definition
-has internal membranes/organelles
-multi cell organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-pure chemical substance
-# of atoms is # of protons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-has nucleus with neutrons and protons
-has electrons in shells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positively charged subatomic particle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
negatively charged subatomic particle
-has kinetic energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neutrally charged subatomic particle
-change # of neutrons to create isotopes |
|
|
Term
| which subatomic particle has kinetic energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-atoms share electrons
-each pair of electrons creates one bond |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ions are attracted to each other because of opposite charges
-form crystals
-broken down by water because it is polar |
|
|
Term
| which type of bonds are broken by water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-happen between polar molecules
-temporary/weak bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurement of H+ concentration |
|
|
Term
| How do acids preserve food? |
|
Definition
| high H+ concentration disrupts hydrogen bonding and destroys protein shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the molecule is hydrophobic, part of the molecule is hydrophilic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple molecules joined together |
|
|
Term
| breakdown of polymers into monomers |
|
Definition
| hydrolysis; water splits apart and polymer splits apart, parts reassemble into several simpler molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dehydration synthesis; water released |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carbohydrate function (2) |
|
Definition
-energy storage
-structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-glucose
-fructose
-galactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structural component of bacterial cell wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-energy storage
-structure (cell membranes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-triglycerides
-phospholipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-all C-C bonds are single bonds
-fatty acids are straight
-form solids at room temperature bc they stack well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-C-C chain contains double bonds
-fatty acids are bent from double bonds
-form liquids are room temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| three fatty acids linked to glycerol |
|
|
Term
| phospholipid structure (2) |
|
Definition
-2 fatty acid chains are hydrophobic
-phosphate is hydrophilic |
|
|
Term
| phospholipid function (3) |
|
Definition
-plasma membrane
-lipid bilayer
-outer membrane of gram negative cell walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-structure
-enzymes
-functional proteins
-energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Amine group (NH2)
-carboxylic acid (COOH)
-H atom
-R group |
|
|
Term
| protein structure (primary) |
|
Definition
| polypeptide strand (amino acid sequence) |
|
|
Term
| protein structure (secondary) |
|
Definition
-folding of peptide chain in a portion of a protein
-involves H-bonding
-helix (coil, has give) OR pleated sheet (tensile strength) |
|
|
Term
| protein structure (tertiary) |
|
Definition
3D folding of full protein
-includes intramolecular bonds -disulfide bonds; ionic bonds; hydrophophic interactions |
|
|
Term
| protein structure (quarternary) |
|
Definition
two or more complete proteins bonding to each other
-includes intermolecular bonds like H bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleic acids function (2) |
|
Definition
-information (DNA, RNA)
-energy (ATP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleic acid structure (3) |
|
Definition
-sugar
-phosphate
-nitrogenous base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the structure of DNA/RNA, with nitrogenous bases attached that give genetic information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-sugar-phosphate backbone
-nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G)
-double stranded helix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-sugar-phosphate backbone
-nitrogenous bases (A, U, C, G)
-single genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
