Term
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Definition
| Selective for Gram Negative, Differential for bacteria that ferment lactose, E.coli appears as a green sheen |
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Term
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Definition
| Sheep Blood Agar. Enriched media, Differential for Alpha (incomplete), Beta (complete) and Gamma (none) hemolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies coagulase-positive staphylococci. Contains peptones(nitrogen & AAs), yeast(nut), mannitol(carb), White media produces black colonies within 24 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teal agar plate detects presence of DNase. Presence of colorless zones is a positive result. |
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Term
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Definition
| White media used to grow fastidious organisms. Grows organisms used in Catalase test. Includes peptones (nitrogen, vit, AAs) dextrose (high energy source)Cystine & Sodium Sulfite (stimulate growth) NaCl (osmotic balance) |
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Term
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Definition
| H2O2->H20+O2, observed by bubbles upon adding hydrogen peroxide. Staplylococci & Micrococci are positive. Streptococci & Enterococci are negative. |
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Term
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Definition
yellow/gold on SBA. Opportunistic pathogen--acne, boils, infections, food poisoning.
Gram +
Clusters
Strong Beta Hemolysis
Growth & Black Colonies on Tellurite Glycine
DNase +
Catalase + |
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Term
| Staphylococcus epidermidis |
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Definition
White Colonies on SBA. Lesser virulent opportunistic pathogen.
Gram +
Clusters, dicocci, chains
Weak Beta hemolysis
Growth on Tellurite Glycine
DNase -
Catalase + |
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Term
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Definition
Harmful upper repiratory infections & scarlet fever, strep throat, tonsillitis.
Gram +
Long Chains
Gamma Hemolysis
Tellurite Glycine -
DNase +
Catalase - |
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Term
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Definition
Lives in gut of mammals. Common pro-biotic. Non-motile, ferments lactose w/o gas production. Causes endocarditis, bladder, prostate infections. Becoming increasingly resistant.
Gram +
3-4 cell chains
Gamma Hemolysis
Growth @ 48 hours on Tellurite Glycine
DNase -
Catalase - |
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Term
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Definition
Inhabits mucus membrane of upper respiratory tract. Usually non-pathogenic.
Gram -
Dicocci
Gamma Hemolysis
Tellurite Glycine -
DNase -
Catalase + |
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Term
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Definition
mostly harmles saprophytes on dead organic matter. Yellow colonies.
Gram +
Packets (sarcina)
Gamma Hemolysis
Growth&Colonies @ 48hrs on Tellurite
Glycine
DNase -
Catalase + |
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Term
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Definition
| Methylene Blue Reductase Test. Used to test milk quality. The Methylene Blue indicates presence of O2. If microorganisms are present, they will use up the O2 and the milk will not hold the blue color very long. <2 hrs=poor, 2-6hrs=fair, 6-8=good, >8hrs=excellent |
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Term
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Definition
1)Microbe must be present in ALL cases of the disease & absent in healthy individuals
2)Must be able to isolate the microbe and grow in pure culture
3)Same disease must result when healthy individual is infected
4)Must be able to isolate again from newly infected host |
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Term
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Definition
| The passage of plasmids between bacterial species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extra-chromosomal circular DNA that encodes for non-essential but often beneficial traits such as resistance to antibiotics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uptake of free DNA from the environment. Possibly from other dead organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passage of genetic material between bacteria via phage (virus) |
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Term
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Definition
| A lytic virus fails to dissolve all of the hosts DNA. While incorporating the viral DNA into its capsid before lysis, some of these DNA pieces get put in too. They are then transferred via phage into part of a new host's chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lysogenic phage excises incorrectly and carries bits of host DNA on its ends. When the phage infects a new host, this DNA is incorporated. More efficient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Virus attaches, inserts genome, makes enzymes that dissolve host DNA, uses viral genome to replicate and make protein capsids, packages them together and then lyses the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temperate phage attaches and inserts. It then incorporates its DNA into the host's DNA and remains dormant, replicating vertically. At some trigger, such as a weak immune system, it excises and enters the lytic cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| An empty spot on a bacteria lawn that indicates phages killed the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| UV can cause pyrimidine dimers in the DNA. Increased exposure increases DNA damage. The main repair mechanism is photolyase which requires light to activate. A dark repair process can occur in cases of extreme damage or when light isn't available. This method is much less effective. |
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Term
| Plasmid Transfer Experiment |
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Definition
| E. faecalis was studied. Each strain had one or more plasmid encoding for Tetracycline resistance, Conjunctive factor, or Streptomycin resistance. Conjunctive strains should be both Tet. and Strep. resistant. Plate on BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) because it contains Tetracycline and Streptomycin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram negative bacilli found in the gut of animals and make up to 60% of fecal matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tests for Lipase. Confirmed by forming colonies with halos. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Used to detect the presence of proteases. Confirmed with clear halo around colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves steaming the specimen while submerged in Malachite green to increase the spores permeability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses India Ink to stain the background, leaving those bacteria with a capsule clear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenylethyl Alcohol plate. Selective for Gram + bacteria by inhibiting DNA synthesis in Gram - |
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Term
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Definition
| Those with flagellum at one end. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria with flagella on all sides. |
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Term
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Definition
Tests for coliforms.
1)Presumptive Test-Test for lactose fermentation by presence of bubbles and yellow color indicating reduced pH.
2)Confirmed Test-Streak on EMB plate to ensure that the bacteria is not Gram +
3)Isolate single colony from EMB and Streak on a NUT slant and innoculate the green bile tube. Look for turbidity, gas formation, Gram stain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Red pigmented bacteria used in UV testing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to test for susceptibility to tooth decay. Contains glucose and the pH indicator bromcresol green. Bacteria will ferment glucose and produce lactic acid which will turn the indicator yellow. |
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Term
| Simmons Citrate Agar slant |
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Definition
| Selects for organisms that can use Citrate as sole carbon source and ammonium for nitrogen. Contains bromotymol blue to indicate pH (<6.9 is green; >7.6 is blue). In using the ammonium, the bacteria turn the solution basic therefore blue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determines if bacteria can split tryptophan into indole aka Tryptophanase. Must be in sterile indole solution for 24 hours. Add Kovac's reagent after. Positive result is red/red violet color. |
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Term
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Definition
| Methyl Red Voges-Proskauer tests. Initially in a broth that contaiins peptone, glucose, and phosphate buffer, some bacteria will ferment into just acetic acid, others into a variety of acids, and some not at all. Methyl Red shows that they fermented the mixed acids by being red in acidic environment. The VP test shows that it fermented only acetic acid because it will not overcome the buffer. Rather, will give a pH of roughly 6.2 Positive result is a maroon band that reacts with the acetic acid mixture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple Sugar Iron. Tests for those that ferment sugars and produce hydrogen sulfide. Differential media based upon ability to reduce sulfur and ferment carbohydrates. Judge by the position of color change whether it fermented glucose, lactose, or sucrose. If they reduce their terminal electron acceptor to sulfide, H2S reacts with the ferrous sulfate to form ferrous sulfide, black precipitate. If anaerobic microbes at the butt use H+ as terminal electron acceptor, they'll release gas, cracking the agar. |
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