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Bio 400
ch.23
15
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/30/2017

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Term
population
Definition
interbreeding groups of individuals
Term
gene pool
Definition
all the genes and their alleles in a population
Term
micro- evolution
Definition
change of allele frequencies in a gene pool
Term
allele frequency
Definition
how common an allele is in a population
Term
genotype frequency
Definition
fraction or % od population with a given phenotype
Term
gamete genotype frequencies
Definition
are equal to the populations allele frequencies
-used with punnet square to find genotype frequencies in offspring
Term
Hardy- Weinberg Equation
Definition
p^2= frequency of one homozygote
q^2= frequency of one homozygote
2pq= frequency of other heterozygote
Term
Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium
Definition
when allele frequencies don't change over time
5 requirements:
1. no mutation
2. random mating
3.no naturel selection
4.large population size
5. isolation
Term
gene family
Definition
collection of duplicated genes
-diverge by point mutations
-sequence similarity
-take on new functions
Term
hemoglobin gene family
Definition
genes for the many alpha and beta hemoglobin polypeptides in humans
Term
genetic drift
Definition
random changes in allele frequencies, due to statistically small population size
ex. bottleneck effect= when a large reduction in population size randomly favors certain alleles= loss of variation and fitness
Term
gene flow
Definition
genetic exchange between populations due to migration
Term
sexual selection
Definition
choice of mating partner affected by phenotype
2 types
Term
intrasexual
Definition
traits affect competition within 1 sex to mate
ex. male traits affecting dominance
Term
intersexual
Definition
traits affect appeal to opposite sex
ex. male traits affecting visual or behavioral appeal
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