Term
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Definition
making RNA and protein from DNA sequences
2 step process when making proteins |
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Term
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Definition
DNA directs synthesis of mRNA,
copies a small section of DNA into RNA
prokaryotes= cytoplasm
eukaryotes= nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
mRNA directs synthesis of a protein,
info changes language, nucleotide to aa sequence |
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Term
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Definition
protein complex that makes RNA
3 stages |
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Term
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Definition
RNA polymerase binds to the genes promoter= DNA sequence signifying transcription start site
-DNA partially unwinds&seperates
-RNA synthesis starts on template strand |
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Term
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Definition
RNA NTP's bind DNA template and are joined together 5' to 3' by RNA Polymerase
-U binds to A
_RNA moves down the gene as it transcribes |
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Term
| Transcription Termination |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase stops transcription and releases the RNA transcript (product) due to the termination region at end of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| don't have own promoter, tandem group of prokaryotic genes with common purpose |
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Term
| Non- protein coding RNA (ncRNA) |
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Definition
their genes final product
ex. snRNA, tRNA, rRNA, miRNA |
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Term
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Definition
encode the blueprint for synthesis of a protein
prokaryotes: new mRNA translated right away
eukaryotes: initial transcript(pre-mRNA) is processed into mRNA before leaving nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| cap, poly-a tail, RNA splicing, spliceosome |
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Term
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Definition
| modified G nucleotide added to 5' end |
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Term
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Definition
| 50- 250 "A" nucleotides added to 3' end |
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Term
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Definition
| editing of transcript sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| intervening sequences are cut out inside nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| expressed sequences are linked together to produce final mRNA transcript exit nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
structure which splices Pre- mRNA made of snRNA
proteins help regulate splicing |
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Term
| Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA) |
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Definition
2 roles in nucleus
-identifies spice signals in intron sequence by base pairing
-catalyze splicing reactions= ribozymes |
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Term
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Definition
structural and functional modules within proteins
genetic code contained within an exon
creation of new proteins in 2 ways
1. by crossover errors in meiosis, duplicate and shuffle existing exons
2. alternative splicing= splicing transcript depending on cellular conditions |
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