Term
| What is traditional agriculture? |
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Definition
| Rely on animal and man power |
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Term
| what is industrial agriculture? |
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Definition
| additional energy, use stored fossil fuel energy |
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Term
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Definition
| provide adequate, reliable, readily available food supply |
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Term
| what are the consequences of industrial agriculture? |
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Definition
1. dependency on fossil fuels
2. Irrigation
3. Fertilizer, pesticides
4. Crossbreeding |
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Term
| What does it mean to race to feed the world? |
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Definition
| stay on top of food demand to supply population |
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Term
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Definition
| a shortage of nutrient the body needs. occurs in both under and overnourished individuals |
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Term
| what is undernourishment? |
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Definition
| gets less than 90% daily caloric needs |
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Term
| in US, how many ppl are undernourished? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In US, approximately how many ppl are overnourished? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lack of protein or essential AA |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of Kwashiorkor? |
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Definition
| bloated stomach,mental and physical disabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein and caloris deficiency |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of marasmus? |
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Definition
| wasting or shriveling of the body |
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Term
| what is the foundation to fee population? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the system to provide food? |
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Definition
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Term
| Agriculture is the practice of what? |
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Definition
| 1. Cultivating soil 2. producing crops 3. raising livestock |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is rangeland/pasture/feedlot? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| healthy soil is a mixture of what? |
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Definition
rocks
organic matter
water
gaes
nutrients
sodium, potassium
microorganisms (microbes) |
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Term
| is soil is healthy, what can occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of system is soil? |
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Definition
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Term
| what categories of matter does soil composed of? |
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Definition
| living and non-living matters |
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Term
| what activities contributes to soil formation? |
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Definition
organism activities
physical properties |
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Term
| what does biological activity soil include? |
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Definition
| deposition decomposition accumulation of organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down of material |
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Term
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Definition
| decomposed material, dark, spongy, crumbly partially decomposed material |
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Term
| soils are classified based on what? |
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Definition
color
texture
structure (clumpiness)
pH |
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Term
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Definition
| decomposed material, dark spongy, crumbly partially decomposed material |
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Term
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Definition
| medium size pores. silty soil w/ medium-sized pores, or loamy soil w/ mixture of pore sizes are best |
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Term
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Definition
| mixture of soil with differ size pores |
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Term
| what types of soil are more desireable? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| watermove down to bottom layer of soil dissolve a lot of substance and bring stuff down |
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Term
| why is leaching important? |
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Definition
| for deep root system, need water and nutrient deep down |
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Term
| what are the 3 methods of breaking down topsoil? |
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Definition
1. bio - tree roots
2. chemical - gas, liquid
3. weather |
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Term
| describe soil composition |
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Definition
50% mineral
5% organic matter
45% pore space |
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Term
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Definition
| not completely broken down, with lots of organic matter |
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Term
| what are the 2 ways to make more food? |
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Definition
1. farm more land
2. get higher yield with technology |
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Term
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Definition
| one single specie at one location. selectively bred, or genetically modified to increase yield. |
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Term
| what are impact of monoculture? |
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Definition
1. Reduce specie diversity
2. artificial selection
3. GMO
4. Staple food: crops most in demand, rice, corn |
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Term
| what are the consequence of monoculture? |
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Definition
1. identical gene, no resistant
2. narrow human diet: malnutrition
3. armyworms easily defoliate monoculture |
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Term
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Definition
| genetically modified organisms - engineered by recombinant DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| genetically modified organisms - engineered by recombinant DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| genetically modified organisms - engineered by recombinant DNA |
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Term
| what is the purpose of GMO? |
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Definition
| change gene structure to get more yield, in smaller space |
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Term
| what is transgenic organism? |
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Definition
| contain DNA from another species |
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Term
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Definition
| artificially providing water to support agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
| over irrigated soils. too much water, diluted, increase leaching, can cause root system to begin decomposed |
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Term
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Definition
| the buildup of salts in surface soil layer |
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Term
| what are the problem with inorganic fertilizer? |
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Definition
1. chemical balance disturbance
2. infiltrate and contaminate groundwater
3. runoff into water system --> eutrophication
4. evaporate: create nitrogen oxide --> air pollution |
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Term
| why is fertilizer necessary for agriculture? |
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Definition
| help increase yield, due to overuse of soil |
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Term
| what is evolutionary arm race? |
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Definition
| chemists increase chemical toxicity to compete w/ resistant pest |
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Term
| what are the 4 ways to increase the number of crops grown per year on a plot of land? |
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Definition
1. succession planting
2. double cropping
3. relay cropping
4. intercropping |
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Term
| what is multiple cropping? |
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Definition
| growing 2 or more crops in the same space during a single growing season |
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Term
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Definition
| too much and too fast of nutrient extraction cause soil to soil in the desert. lost strucutre |
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Term
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Definition
| broken down organic matter. produced when decomposers break down organic matter |
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Term
| what are the negative consequence of applying inorganic fertilizer? |
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Definition
1. chemical balance disturbance
2. water contamination
3. runoff into water system --> eutrophication 4. air pollution |
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Term
| what is evolutionary arm race? |
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Definition
| chemists increase chemical toxicity to compete w/ resistant pest |
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Term
| Under green revolution, what are the 4 planting method to increase number crops grown per year on a lot of land? |
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Definition
1. succession planting
2. double cropping
3. relay cropping
4. intercropping |
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Term
| what is succession planting? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| plant 2 seeds at the same time, different germination time |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| grow primarily native vegetation |
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Term
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Definition
| seeded by non-native vegetation |
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Term
| what are the function of grazer? |
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Definition
| help to maintain ecosystem. rid of old plant material and allow new one to grow. important in the environment. could be engineer. allow move from system to system. |
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Term
| what are the consequences of overgrazing? |
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Definition
1. decrease ho much water can infiltrate. (water sit on top, erosion problem)
2. decrease gas substance
3. invasive species can take over
4. overall, reduce amount of grass that can grow |
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