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Bio 3 Set 4
R-Z midterm 1_moss 1051
21
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/13/2008

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Cards

Term
redox reaction
Definition
A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction
Term
respiration
Definition
(1) Gas exchange, or breathing; the exchange of O2 and CO2 between an organism and its environment. (2) Cellular respiration; the aerobic harvest of energy from food molecules by cells
Term
ribosome
Definition
A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits
Term
rough ER
Definition
That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes
Term
smooth ER
Definition
That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes
Term
secondary structure
Definition
The localized, repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between peptide linkages
Term
solute
Definition
A substance that is dissolved in a solution
Term
solution
Definition
A homogeneous, liquid mixture of two or more substances
Term
solvent
Definition
The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known
Term
stroma
Definition
The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water
Term
substrate
Definition
The reactant on which an enzyme works
Term
sugar-phosphate backbone
Definition
The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached
Term
surface tension
Definition
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules
Term
symbiosis
Definition
An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact
Term
symbiotic relationship
Definition
An interspecific interaction in which one species, the symbiont, lives in or on another species, the host
Term
thylakoid
Definition
A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy
Term
ultimate cause
Definition
The evolutionary explanation for a behavioral, physiological, or morphological response, in contrast to proximate causation; the immediate mechanisms that underlie a response
Term
uracil
Definition
(U) A single-ring nitrogenous base found in RNA
Term
unsaturated
Definition
Pertaining to fats and fatty acids whose hydrocarbon chains lack the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and therefore have one or more double covalent bonds. Unsaturated fats and fatty acids do not solidify at room temperature
Term
saturated
Definition
Pertaining to fats and fatty acids whose hydrocarbon chains contain the maximum number of hydrogens and therefore have no double covalent bonds. Saturated fats and fatty acids solidify at room temperature
Term
vacuole
Definition
A membrane-enclosed sac taking up most of the interior of a mature plant cell and containing a variety of substances important in plant reproduction, growth, and development
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