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Definition
| compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
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Definition
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Definition
| virus that infects bacteria |
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Definition
| asexual reproduction in prokaryotes forming identical daughter cells |
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Definition
| a virus's outer protein coat |
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Definition
| spherical-shaped prokaryotes |
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Definition
| type of sexual reproduction in which 2 prokaryotes exchange genetic info through a hollow protein bridge |
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Definition
| formed when growth conditions become unfavorable and can remain dormant for centuries until conditions improve |
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Definition
| process of converting nitrogen into a form plants can use (ammonia) |
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Definition
| organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen to survive |
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Definition
| organisms that don't require oxygen but aren't poisoned by it |
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| contain only protein; pathogens that infect animals |
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| single-celled organism lacking a nucleus and has few organelles |
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Definition
| bacteriophage embedded in bacterial host's DNA; inactive for a time |
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Definition
| viruses that contain RNA as their genetic info |
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Definition
| spiral and corkscrew-shaped prokaryotes |
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Definition
| weakened or killed pathogen used to produce disease immunity |
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Definition
| contain only nucleic acid; pathogens that infect plants |
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Definition
| noncellular particles made of nucleic acid and protein that reproduce by infecting living cells |
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Definition
| compounds that absorb light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll |
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Term
| alternation of generations |
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Definition
| life cycles switching back and forth between haploid and diploid stages |
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Definition
| water mold structure that produces male nuclei |
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Definition
| cavities in cytoplasm specialized to collect water and pump it out |
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Definition
| euglena have cluster of red pigment used to find sunlight |
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Definition
| "working library" of genetic info; multiple copies of often used genes |
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Definition
| contains a "reserve copy" of all the cell's genes in paramecia |
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Definition
| pigments good at absorbing blue light found in red algae species |
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Definition
| small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean |
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Definition
| eukaryotic; not a plant, animal, or fungus |
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Definition
| haploid spore produced within the ascus of ascomycetes |
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Definition
| reproductive structure that contains spores for the sac fungi |
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Definition
| spore bearing structure of basidiomycete |
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| complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of fungi |
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Definition
| tiny fungal spores that form at the tips of conidiophores |
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Definition
| in the asexual life cycle of sac fungi, this is where the spores are formed |
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Definition
| reproductive structure that develops from a mycelium that grows below the surface of the ground |
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Definition
| structure that forms gametes |
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Definition
| tiny filaments that compose multicellular fungi |
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| symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism |
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Definition
| many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass |
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Definition
| symbiotic relationship between a fungus and plant roots |
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Definition
| root-like hyphae used to anchor the fungus to a surface |
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Definition
| organism that obtains food from decaying organic matter |
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Definition
| tips of specialized hyphae where sporangia are found |
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Definition
| structure that produces spores, general name |
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Definition
| reproductive cell formed by mitosis that is capable of growing into a new organism |
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Definition
| stem-like hyphae that run along a surface |
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Definition
| the only known unicellular fungi |
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Definition
| resting spore that contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase |
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| location in moss where sperm are produced |
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Definition
| location in moss where egg cells are produced |
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Definition
| first leaf or pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant |
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Definition
| angiosperm with 2 cotyledons |
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Definition
| the earliest diploid stage of the sporophyte seed plant |
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Definition
| gamete-producing phase of a plant's life cycle |
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Definition
| small reproductive structure of liverworts |
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Definition
| substance that makes cell walls rigid and allows plants to grow upright |
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Definition
| angiosperm with one cotyledon |
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Definition
| transport subsystem that carries solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates |
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Definition
| tiny structure that contains the male gametophyte of seed plants |
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Definition
| mass of tangled green filaments that grows in early moss gametophytes |
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Definition
| long, thin cells that anchor mosses in the ground and absorb water |
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Definition
| creeping underground stems found on fern species |
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Definition
| underground organs that absorb water and minerals in vascular plants |
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Definition
| cluster of sporangia found on the underside of fronds |
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Definition
| cells specialized to conduct water |
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Definition
| gathering off vascular tissue found in leaves |
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Definition
| transport subsystem that carries water upward from the roots |
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Definition
| attraction between molecules of different substances |
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Definition
| ground tissue cell with strong flexible cell wall and supports larger plants |
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Definition
| phloem cell that surrounds sieve tube elements |
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Definition
| process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
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Definition
| controls the opening and closing of stomata using water pressure |
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Definition
| older xylem near the center of a woody stem that no longer conducts water |
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Definition
| region between nodes on plant stems |
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Definition
| tissue responsible for continuing growth throughout a plant's life |
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Definition
| point on a stem where a leaf is attached |
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Definition
| tall column shaped mesophyll cells just below the upper epidermis |
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Definition
| parenchyma cells inside the ring of vascular tissue in dicot stems |
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Definition
| thin stalk by which a leaf blade is attached to the stem |
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Definition
| tough structure protecting a root as it forces its way through soil |
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Definition
| tiny projection from the outer surface of a root used to collect water |
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Definition
| surrounds older xylem in center of woody stems; active |
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Definition
| ground tissue cell with extremely thick, rigid cell wall |
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Definition
| loose groudn tissue below palisade layer of a leaf |
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Definition
| loss of water from a plant through leaf tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| xylem cell in angiosperms that forms part of a contiguous tube through which water moves |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of cells at the petiole that seals off a leaf |
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Definition
| closer a bud is to the stem's tip the more it is inhibited |
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Definition
| produced in apical meristem; stimulates cell elongation |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate cell division and the growth of lateral buds also causes dormant seeds to sprout |
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Definition
| period when organism's growth and activity decreases or stops |
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Definition
| plants not rooted in soil that grow directly on the bodies of other plants |
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Definition
| hormone that causes fruit to ripen |
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Definition
| growth promoting and produces increases in size in stems and fruits |
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Definition
| plant's response to gravity |
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Definition
| substances used to inhibit growth of plants |
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Definition
| substance produced in one part that affects another part |
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Term
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Definition
| meristematic area on the side of a stem that gives rise to side branches |
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Definition
| flowers when days are long |
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Definition
| response to periods of light and darkness |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of a plant to grow toward a source of light |
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Definition
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Definition
| flowers when days are short |
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Definition
| portion of an organism affected by a particular hormone |
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Definition
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Definition
| responses of plants to external stimuli |
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Definition
| plants living in the desert |
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Term
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Definition
| flower structure in which haploid male gametophytes are produced |
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Definition
| process of attaching a bud to a plant to produce a new brance |
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Definition
| innermost part of a flower that produces the female gametophytes and contains ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
| female gametophyte within the ovule of a flowering plant |
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Definition
| food rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows |
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Definition
| long thin structure that supports an anter |
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Definition
| early growth stage of plant embryo |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| flower structure that contains ovules from which female gametophytes are produced |
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Definition
| structure in seed cones in which female gametopytes develop |
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Definition
| brightly colored structure just inside sepals and attracts pollinators |
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Definition
| gymnosperm cone that produces male gametophytes as pollen grains |
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Definition
| structure grown by a pollen grain |
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Definition
| gymnosperm cone that produces female gametophytes in ovules |
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Definition
| outermost circle of flower parts that encloses a bud before it opens |
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Definition
| male part of flower; contains anther and filament |
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Definition
| sticky portion at the top of the style were pollen grains frequently land |
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Definition
| long trailing stem that produces roots when it touches the ground |
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Definition
| narrow stalk of the carpel in a flower |
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Definition
| method of asexual reproduction used by flowering plants |
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