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BIO 230: Bacterial Infections of the Skin
Bacterial Infections of the Skin
71
Biology
Undergraduate 2
08/15/2009

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Term
Staphylococcus aureus
Definition
Most common bacterial infection of the skin.
Term
  1. mutates quickly
  2. adapts to environment quickly
  3. produces dozens of exotoxins and harmful enzymes
  4. develops drug resistance quickly
Definition
Four characteristics of Staph related to pathogenicity.
Term

Nasal discharge from healthy carriers

Contact with skin abscesses

Definition
How Staph aureus is transmitted.
Term

necrotizing toxins

enterotoxins

exfoliating toxins

toxic shock toxins

hemolysins

leukocidins

coagulase

collagenase

hyaluronidase

penecillinase

methicillinase

vancomycinase

Definition
Examples of 12 toxins and enzymes Staph aureus produces.
Term
kills cells
Definition
What necrotizing toxins do...
Term
cause food poisoning
Definition
What enterotoxins do...
Term
Cause skin layers to separate and peel away from each other.
Definition
What exfoliating toxins do...
Term
Cause skin and blood damage.
Definition
What toxic shock toxins do...
Term
Destroy red blood cells
Definition
What hemolysins do...
Term
Destroy white blood cells...
Definition
What leukocidins do...
Term
Clots blood
Definition
What coagulase does...
Term
Breaks down cell membranes
Definition
What hyaluronidase does...
Term
Break down antibiotics...
Definition
What penicillinase, methicillinase and vancomycinase do...
Term
  1. Pustules (acne)
  2. Furuncles (boils)
  3. Carbuncles (small sores in scalp)
  4. Abscesses of skin 
  5. Impetigo
  6. Necrotizing fasciitis
  7. Scalded skin syndrome 
  8. Systemic Infection
  9. Accidental and post surgical wound infections
  10. Toxic shock syndrome
  11. Burn infections
  12. Food poisoning
Definition
12 infections caused by Staph aureus
Term
Systemic Staph infection
Definition
Causes abscesses of most major body organs.
Term

Burn wound infection

Accidental and Post surgical infection

Food poisoning

Definition
Three infections that Staph is the leading cause for...
Term
Skin blisters and peels away
Definition
Symptoms of scalded skin syndrome
Term
Necrotizing faciitis
Definition
Also known as the flesh eating disease.
Term
small sores in scalp
Definition
Symptoms of carbuncles due to Staph infection.
Term
Pustules are acne and furuncles are boils.
Definition
Difference between pustules and furuncles.
Term

Antibiotics


Doxycycline, azithromycin

 

not penicillin, not methicillin, not vancomycin

 

 

Definition
Treatment for Staph aureus
Term
Nasophanrynx secretions from Strep infected person.
Definition
How Group A Beta Strep is transmitted.
Term
Respiratory and skin infections
Definition
Two main infections that Group A Beta Strep causes.
Term
  1. Impetigo
  2. Scarlet fever
  3. Necrotizing fascilitis
  4. Toxic shock syndrome
  5. Erysipelas
  6. Puerperal sepsis
Definition
Six skin infections that Group A Beta Strep causes.
Term
puerperal sepsis
Definition

rash, blood vessel damage,

high fever in women following birth

Term

Exotoxins:

  1. necrotizing toxins
  2. hemolysins

 

Some species: erythrogenic

Definition
Toxins produced by Group A Beta Strep
Term

Penicillins

Azithromycin

Ciprofloxacin

Definition
Treatment for Group A Beta Strep
Term
Lyme disease
Definition
Disease caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi
Term

Gram negative

spirochete

Definition
Morphology of Borrelia bergdorferi
Term
Ticks (dog and deer)
Definition
How Lyme disease is transmitted
Term
7-28 days
Definition
Incubation period for Lyme disease
Term
When Borrelia infects skin and blood vessels
Definition
When symptoms for Lyme disease appear...
Term

"Bullseye" rash

Joint inflammation

Definition
Initial symptoms of Lyme disease
Term

Blood vessel damage

Low blood pressure

High blood pressure

Endocarditis

Neurological changes

Definition
Later symptoms of Lyme disease
Term

Depression

Mental changes

Dementia

Definition
Three neurological changes caused by Lyme disease
Term

1st appears in joints closest to rash

 Farther joints will be involved

Lasts weeks possibly months

Recurrent arthritis can be severe

Definition
Four characteristics of arthritis caused by Lyme disease
Term

Antibiotics ASAP


 

Doxycycline, tetracycline, erithromycin, azithromycin

Definition
Treatment for Lyme disease
Term
None: no human vaccinations exist
Definition
Prevention of Lyme disease
Term

Anthrax

Tetanus

Gas Gangrene

Leprosy

Pseudomonas

Definition
5 additional bacterial infections of the skin besides Staph, Strep and Borrelia
Term
Anthrax
Definition
Aerobic spore former
Term
12-24 hours
Definition
How long it takes Anthrax to germinate after being inhaled or making contact with the skin...
Term
Destroy cells on skin and in the lungs
Definition
What the necrotizing toxins produced by Anthrax do...
Term

Skin: sores and blisters

Lungs: sores and bleeding that may lead to hemorrhage

Definition
Symptoms of Anthrax on skin and in lungs
Term
Severe pneumonia
Definition
Secondary infection that may be caused by Anthrax infection
Term
Penicillins, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin
Definition
Treatment for Anthrax
Term
Vaccination
Definition
Prevention of Anthrax
Term
Tetanus and Gas gangrene
Definition
Gram positive anaerobic spore formers
Term
constant muscle spasm due to Tetanus
Definition
What is tetany?
Term
cholinesterase
Definition
Chemical that the neurotoxins from Tetanus block to cause harm...
Term
48-96 hours
Definition
How long after infection tetanus can cause respiratory failure.
Term
Antitoxin antibodies before symptoms begin
Definition
Treatment for Tetanus
Term
Tetanus toxoid vaccination
Definition
Prevention of Tetanus
Term

Acids soften the tissue

Gas discolors and stretches the tissue

Definition
How fermentation by bacteria can cause harm in Gas gangrene infection...
Term

Necrotizing toxins are produced

Massive tissue death

Spreads into vital organs

Definition
Harm caused by Gas gangrene
Term
  1. Antibiotics
  2. Removal of dead tissue
  3. Amputation
  4. Hyperbaric O2 Chamber
Definition
4 Treatments for gas gangrene
Term
azithromycin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin
Definition
Antibiotics used to treat Gas gangrene
Term
Leprosy
Definition
Hansens disease
Term
Mycobacterium leprae
Definition
Causative organism for leprosy
Term
Acid-fast rod
Definition
Morphology of Mycobacterium leprae
Term
When bacteria enters a skin wound from an insect or from the soil. Rarely transmitted from human to human.
Definition
How leprosy is transmitted.
Term
7-28 days
Definition
Incubation period of leprosy
Term
Leprosy
Definition
Is a tropical climate infection.
Term

Skin infection on arms, legs, face and neck

Scar tissue causes lumps to form

Bone infection - causes bone weakness

Nerve infection - anesthesia

Years later - lung infection

Definition
Infections caused by Mycobacterium leprae
Term
Tuberculoid Leprosy
Definition
Lung infection caused by long term leprosy infection.
Term
Lack of sensation or feeling.
Definition
symptoms of anesthesia associated with Leprosy
Term

Antibiotics (will slow disease not cure)


 

Sulfa drugs, Dapsone, streptomycin, rifamycin

Definition
Treatment for Leprosy
Term
Vaccine
Definition
Prevention of Leprosy
Term

Gram negative rod

Thermophile

Opportunistic

Definition
Morphology of Pseudomonas
Term
Normal or healthy skin and in intestines
Definition
Normal habitat of Pseudomonas
Term
  1. Skin rash
  2. UTI
  3. Diaper rash
  4. Swimmer's ear
  5. Burn infections
  6. Hot tub infections
  7. Pneumonia in hospital patients
Definition
Seven infections caused by Pseudomonas
Term

Very antibiotic resistant


 

carbenicillin, colistin, gentomycin

Definition
Treatment for Pseudomonas
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