Term
Nitrogenous Base
Sugar molecule
Phosphate Group |
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Definition
| DNA contains these three molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of different nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 nucleotides bonded together |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 or more nucleotides bonded together |
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Term
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Definition
| type of bond between DNA strands |
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Term
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Definition
| two categories of nitrogenous bases |
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Definition
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Term
DNA RNA
Deoxyribose Ribose
Thymine Uracil
Double stranded Single Stranded
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Definition
| Three differences between DNA and RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is a _____________ (polynucleotide/dinucleotide). |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that cuts the circular DNA into a linear strand. |
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Term
1. Circular DNA is cut
2. Cut ends are attached to 2 sites on the cell membrane
3. DNA strands unwind
4. New DNA nucleotides attach to old bases
5. New phosphate sugar backbone forms
6. 2 new strands rewind
7. 2 double strands separate from cell membrane
8. DNA strands reform ino circle using ligase
9. Strands separate to each side of the cell
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| copy of DNA code for 1 protein is made by mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| tRNA carries a specific amino acid to ribosome where amino acids are assembled to make a protein as determined by mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3 mRNA bases that code for amino acids |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| There are a total of _______ codons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Codon on bottom of tRNA that links to the mRNA when making amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| change in DNA bases of a gene |
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Term
substitution
deletion
addition |
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Definition
| three types of DNA mutations |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of bacteria that mutate spontaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of bacteria that can be induced to mutate |
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Term
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Definition
| Two agents that will induce mutation in baceria. |
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Term
Tay Sachs Disease
Sickle Cell Anemia |
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Definition
| Two examples of diseases caused by single base substitutions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Copies the genetic information in DNA by complementary base pairing acting as a "message" between the DNA of the nuclear body and the ribosomes of the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Becomes charged with a specific amino acid, carries the amino acid to the ribosome and inserts the correct amino acid in the proper place according to the genetic message. |
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Term
| makes mRNA ( a copy of the gene) |
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Definition
| What RNA polymerase does... |
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Term
Double stranded DNA opens up allowing RNA polymerase to copy it.
This copy is called mRNA.
When the copy is complete, the two strands of DNA are closed up again. |
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Definition
| How transcription occurs... |
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Term
mRNA binds to the ribosome at the start codon (AUG) where tRNA binds to make methianine
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Definition
| What happens at Initiation... |
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Term
tRNA binds to each subsequent codon on the mRNA-ribosome complex
Each new amino acid is added to the bottom of a growing stack/chain of amino acids.
Once an amino acid is made, the uncharged tRNA leaves the ribosome and goes to find another amino acid until the mRNA codes for it.
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Definition
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Term
| When the ribosome shifts to a nonsense/stop codon on the mRNA, the chain of amino acids (polypeptide chain) is released. This is now a finished protein. |
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Definition
| What happens at Termination |
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Term
Initiation
Elongation
Termination |
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Definition
| Three steps of translation... |
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