Term
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Definition
| Some of the smallest known infectious agents, measured in nanometers. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the smallest known viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the largest known viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleocapsid or nucleoprotein |
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Term
protein head, called a capsid, containing RNA or DNA
possible spikes |
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Definition
| Physical structure of an animal virus |
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Term
1. Can be reproduced at a rapid rate
2. Can be mutated
3. Have nuclear material (DNA or RNA) |
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Definition
| Living Characteristics of Viruses |
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Term
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Have no cell structure
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No cytoplasm
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Contain no water
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Have few, if any, enzymes
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Carry out no metabolic reactions
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Obligate intracellular parasites
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Not free-living
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Definition
| Non-living characteristics of viruses |
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Term
Viruses cannot be seen w/light microscopes
Viruses cannot grow on agar plates
Viruses have either DNA or RNA, not both |
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Definition
| How we diagnose viral infections. |
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Term
Animal viruses
Plant viruses
Bacterial viruses
Fungal viruses |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for bacterial viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for fungal viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses are specific to ________ and _________. |
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Term
Icosahedral
Helical or cylindrical
Complex |
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Definition
| Three Common shapes of viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| Shape of typical animal virus that has a geometrical shape with capsomeres, a capsid and has a hollow inside containing DNA or RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shape of typical plant viruses that look like hollow bullets, with a capsid and contains RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Animal virus that has a helical shape and has been known to cross over between species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shape of virus that is primarily animal viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral shape that is primarily plant viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral shape that is bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) |
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Term
hollow capsid containing DNA
collar
tail
base plate
sheath
tail fibers
pins |
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Definition
| Structures on a bacteriophage |
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Term
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Definition
| attachment of virus to a host cell |
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Term
a. adsorption
b. entry of virus by endocytosis
c. host uncoats virus, DNA is released
d. host cell transports DNA to nucleus
e. host cell attaches viral DNA to its chromosome
f. host cell is shut down and taken over by virus
g. host cell reproduces viral DNA
h. host cell produces new viral heads/spikes
i. mature viruses are assembled
j. mature viruses are released by "budding out"
k. re-infection of another cell, initial cell dies
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Definition
Steps of the Productive Life Cycle
of an Animal Virus |
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Term
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Definition
| number of viral DNA reproduced by animal host cell in a few hours |
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Term
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Definition
| When the virus leaves the host cell by reverse endocytosis, it may take a piece of the cell membrane called an ___________. |
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Term
| Assembly of Mature viruses |
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Definition
| When viral DNA is carried to the host cell ribosomes and inserted into the viral heads. |
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Term
Steps a. - e. are identical
After viral DNA is added to the host cell chromosome, there is no shut down of the cell and the virus does not take over.
The viral DNA is copied with the host DNA everytime it divides.
Virus becomes a Provirus
If Provirus separates from the host DNA, then it triggers the rest of the productive life cycle. |
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Definition
| Provirus Life Cycle of Animal Virus |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral disease that spends various amounts of time as a provirus in the host cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a virus shows symptoms, it is in this life cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| When viruses are contagious. |
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Term
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Definition
| When virogene separates from the host chromosome, it may cause this to occur in the host cell DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutation of the host cell DNA may lead to this. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Number of human viruses known to cause cancer. |
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Term
a. adsorption
b. injection of DNA via tail
c. viral DNA attaches to host DNA
d. partial shut-down and take-over of host
e. viral DNA is copied
f. viral heads/tails are made
g. assembly of mature viruses
h. host bacteria bursts and viruses are released
i. re-infection of another bacteria |
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Definition
| Lytic Life Cycle of Bacteriophage |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of bacteriophage DNA copies made in a few hours. |
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Term
a. adsorption
b. injection
c. attachment to host DNA
- No shut down, no take-over
-prophage remains until viral DNA separates from host.
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Definition
| Lysogenic Life Cycle of Bacteriophage |
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Term
Protease inhibitors
Anti-nuclear medications |
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Definition
| Two kinds of antiviral medications |
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Term
| block the production of viral capsid proteins by the host cell |
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Definition
| How protease inhibitors work... |
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Term
| interfere with replication of viral DNA/RNA by the host cell |
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Definition
| How antinuclear medication work... |
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Term
acyclovir
amantadine
idoxuridine
methisazone
AZT, ddI, ddC, etc |
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Definition
| example of specific antiviral medications |
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Term
Neutralizing Antibodies
Interferons |
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Definition
| Two Main Body Defenses against Viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins made by the immune system against specific viruses by covering the head of the virus to prevent viral attachment to host cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-specific proteins made by virus infected cells that pass into surrounding cells and prevent viruses from shutting down, taking over and being replicated. |
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Term
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Definition
| are generally a lifelong defense against viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| are produced each time a viral infection occurs |
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