Term
|
Definition
| Survival structures produced mostly by Bacillus and Clostridium. |
|
|
Term
| Survival of the bacteria. |
|
Definition
| Function of the endospore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| G+ anaerobic spore former. |
|
|
Term
too hot
too cold
no food
no water
no air/with air |
|
Definition
| Five harsh environments that a spore can survive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process that produces spores. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spore forming bacteria without a spore is called a ____________. |
|
|
Term
| good environmental conditions |
|
Definition
| when spores are produced in the bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Copy of bacterial DNA and ribosomes surrounded by cell membrane and cell wall. |
|
|
Term
| Forespore surrounded by 3 protective layers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cortex - protein and calcium |
|
Definition
| Innermost protective layer in a spore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Second protective layer of a spore. |
|
|
Term
| Exosporium (protein and calcium) |
|
Definition
| Outermost protective layer of a spore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 outer layers of the spore break open and bacteria inside grows again when environmental conditions are favorable. |
|
|
Term
| No direct role. Indirectly, when the spore germinates, then it causes harm. |
|
Definition
| Role the endospore plays in causing harm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spores of this spore forming bacteria are found in most large animals' intestines and cause tetanus. |
|
|
Term
Spores do not germinate in the intestines of animals because of the presence of oxygen.
↓
Spores are expelled in feces
↓
Spores are deposited in soil
|
|
Definition
| Road a Clostridium spore takes to contaminate the environment. |
|
|
Term
| Puncture wound by contaminated object. Spores are germinated in muscle tissue because of the lack of oxygen present. |
|
Definition
| How infection from Clostridium tetani occurs. |
|
|
Term
| Clostridium tetani produces a neurotoxin (exotoxin) that blocks cholinesterase and causes constant muscle contraction starting in the face and neck muscles. |
|
Definition
| How tetanus causes harm in humans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gram-positive anaerobe that causes Botulism |
|
|
Term
Spores are found in animal intestines
↓
Expelled in feces
↓
Spores leach into the soil
|
|
Definition
| How Clostridium botulinim gets into the environment. |
|
|
Term
Puncture wound - wound botulism (rare)
Food grown in infected soil (mostly vegetables and fish) are packaged in cans and jars that are not cooked enough to kill bacteria. |
|
Definition
| 2 Ways to contract botulism |
|
|
Term
Spores germinate in can/jar
↓
Bacteria grow and produce exotoxin in food
↓
Neurotoxin gets into blood and nervous system where it blocks acetylcholine
↓
lack of acetylcholine causes flacid muscles
↓
leads to respiratory failure within 48 hrs |
|
Definition
| How botulism gets from being in food to causing harm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
spores found in animal intestines
↓
expelled in feces
↓
spores leach into the soil |
|
Definition
| How gas gangrene gets into the environment. |
|
|
Term
Spores enter the body via puncture wound
↓
spores germinate within 48 hours
↓
produces necrotizing toxin (exotoxin)
↓
kills cells and tissue at wound site |
|
Definition
| How infection from gas gangrene enters the body and causes harm |
|
|
Term
| tissue softens, is wet and discolored, causes odor, gas is produced, tissue stretches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when tissue stretches due to gas gangrene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacteria spreads and toxin spreads into the blood, reaches abdominal organs, causes necrosis of the organs and risks organ failure |
|
Definition
| How gas gangrene can cause death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leading cause of GI infection from necrotizing toxin. |
|
|
Term
GI infection - ulcers and sores in lining of intestines
Skin infection - mostly immunosupressed hospital patients |
|
Definition
| Types of infection caused by Clostridium difficile and their symptoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gram positive aerobe that causes Anthrax. |
|
|
Term
| Spores found in deep soil end up on suface and can get onto skin/hair of humans or animals. |
|
Definition
| How anthrax is encountered in the environment. |
|
|
Term
| Overfarming, erosion or dry dusty soil. |
|
Definition
| How anthrax spores end up on the surface. |
|
|
Term
Spores can germinate after being inhaled or exposed to skin and bacteria produce necrotizing toxins.
Sores on skin, and sores, necrosis and hemorrhage in lungs.
Person develops pneumonia and excessive bleeding in lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinim
Clostridium perfringes
Clostridium difficile
Bacillus anthracis |
|
Definition
| 5 important spore forming bacteria that cause human infections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
