Term
Maintain shape and size of bacteria and prevent bursting of the cell.
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Definition
| Function of the cell wall in bacteria. |
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Term
Peptidoglycan (PG)
Protein-sugar complex |
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Definition
| Main chemical composition of cell wall in bacteria. |
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Term
Lipoproteins (LP)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) |
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Definition
| Two additional chemicals that may be found in cell wall of bacteria. |
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Term
Gram Positive (G+)
Gram Negative (G-) |
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Definition
| Two main types of bacteria based on cell wall contents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria with cell walls consisting of a single thick layer of PG. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial cells that have cell walls consisting of a thin layer of PG surrounded by layers of LP and LPS. |
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Term
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Definition
| E-coli and salmonella are examples of __________ (G+/G-) bacteria. |
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Term
Outer layer (LPS layer) of a G- cell wall releases endotoxin when the bacteria dies.
G+ cell wall does not cause harm. |
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Definition
| Role the cell wall has in pathogenicity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A poison that is released from the cell wall of a G- bacteria upon death of the bacteria. |
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Term
Stimulates inflammation
Causes damage to the animal cell membrane
Causes cell necrosis |
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Definition
| General effects of endotoxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Main way the body protects itself from harm/infection. |
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Term
| Gastroenteritis- causes fluid loss, diarrhea, dehydration, shock. |
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Definition
| Effects of endotoxin on digestive tract. |
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Term
Inflammation of the urethra, etc.
Urethritis, cystitis, nephritis, pyelitis. |
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Definition
| Effects of endotoxin on urinary tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common cause of UTI's - 70% |
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Term
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Definition
| Number 1 bacteria in our environment (most prevalent). |
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Term
Men - urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis
Women - cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
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Definition
| Effect of endotoxin in STD's such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. |
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Term
| Causes scar tissue which can lead to sterility. |
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Definition
| Effects of epididymitis on men. |
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Term
| Damages fallopian tubes and ovaries, which can cause sterility or ectopic pregnancy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Damages lining of blood vessels, which can lead to hemorrage or septic shock. |
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Definition
| Effects of endotoxin from G- bacteria in the blood vessels. |
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Term
Post surgical contamination
Traumatic Wounds
Ruptured appendix |
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Definition
| Ways in which G- bacteria can be introduced to the blood supply. |
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Term
1. Car crash
2. Gun shot wound |
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Definition
| Top two causes of traumatic wounds |
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Term
| Penicillin and cephalosporins stop PG formation in G+ bacteria cell walls. Rarely used to treat G- bacteria. |
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Definition
| Role the cell wall plays in treatment of bacterial infections. |
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Term
Serves as a semipermeable barrier
Site of cell wall repair
Site of energy production
Plays a role in cell division |
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Definition
Functions of Bacterial Cell Membrane
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Term
| Asexually through binary fission. |
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Definition
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Term
Helps separate DNA
Forms a new cross wall/septum |
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Definition
| How bacterial cell membrane participates in cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| Role a bacterial cell membrane plays in harming the person it infects. |
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Term
| Cell membranes are damaged by antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants, soaps, carbolic acids. |
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Definition
| Role cell membranes play in treatment of infection. |
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Term
polymyxin B
(aerosporin - "neosporin")
Bacitracin |
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Definition
| Antibiotics that harm cell membranes. |
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Term
| Antiseptics and Disinfectants |
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Definition
| Not safe to use in/on the body, but can damage cell membrane in bacteria. |
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Term
| lathering/scrubbing action, scrubs and ruptures the membrane. |
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Definition
| How soaps and detergents work as antibacterials. |
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Term
| synthetic soaps/detergents |
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Definition
| Use chemical action to damage membranes without scrubbing. |
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Term
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats)
Iodaphor
Tincture Soap |
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Definition
| Examples of synthetic soaps. |
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Term
| Quaternary Ammonium Compound |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic soap that contains iodine |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthetic soap that contains alcohol. |
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Term
lysol, osyl, phenol, cresol
hexachlorophene |
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Definition
| Examples of carbolic acids that are used to damage cell membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbolic acid that contains soap and phenol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hexachlorophene that was used to treat staph infection in newborn babies and pimples. |
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Term
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Definition
| Average speed a bacteria moves. |
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Term
| Motility - movement of the bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| Made of protein - flagellin. |
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Definition
| Chemical composition of flagellum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria with one flagellum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria with several strands of flagella originating from the same point. |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria with many flagella all the way around it |
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Term
In response to chemicals - chemotaxis
In response to light - phototaxis
In response to magnetic fields. |
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Definition
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Term
L Ring
P Ring
S Ring
M Ring |
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Definition
| Flagella attach to bacteria by 4 anchors/rings called... |
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Term
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Definition
| Anchor attached to the LP and LPS layer of a G- bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anchor attached to the PG layer of a G- bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anchor found in the space between the PG and the membrane of a G- bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anchor attached to the membrane of a G- bacteria. |
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Term
No direct role.
Indirectly causes harm because it can move the bacteria to a different part of the body. |
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Definition
| Role the flagellum plays in causing harm. |
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Term
| NONE. No antiflagella medications. |
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Definition
| Role the flagellum plays in treatment of infection. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small hairlike structures around the cell |
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Term
Attachment to:
1. Food source
2. Prevent flushing out
3. Another bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical composition of Pili |
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Term
| No direct role. Indirectly, pili cause harm because they keep bacteria from being flushed out of the body. |
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Definition
| Role pili play in causing harm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Places a bacteria with pili will attach so as to obtain a food source. |
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Term
Mouth
Upper respiratory tract
Lower digestive tract
Lower urinary tract
Lower genital tract |
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Definition
| Places bacteria with pili will attach to prevent from being flushed out of the body. |
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Term
| Sexual conjugation, for the purpose of exchanging genetic material via Fpilus. |
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Definition
| Reason bacteria attach to one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Example of a bacteria that uses pili to keep from being flushed out of the system by producing 4 different types of pili. |
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Term
| Attach bacteria to mucous membrane in the genitourinary tract. |
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Definition
Purposes of the 1st kind of pili in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae. |
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Term
| Attach bacteria to the white blood cells (neutrophils). |
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Definition
Purpose of the 2nd type of pili in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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Term
| Attach bacteria to sperm. |
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Definition
Purpose of the 3rd type of pili in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae. |
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Term
| Attach bacteria to other bacteria via the Fpili. |
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Definition
Purpose of the 4th type of pili in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae. |
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Term
NONE
Ex: gonorrhea without pili spread from reproductive system into other parts of the body and may cause more harm. |
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Definition
| Role pili play in treatment of infection. |
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Term
| Regulate cell activity and determine all cell characteristics. |
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Definition
| Purpose of the nuclear material in a bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical makeup of genetic material in bacteria. |
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Term
| Double stranded, circular, not inside the nucleus. |
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Definition
| Structure of DNA in bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Control all cellular chemical reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| No direct role, but DNA is responsible for everything a cell does, so there is an indirect role. |
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Definition
| Role nuclear material plays in causing harm. |
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Term
Some antibiotics can damage DNA/RNA.
nalidixic acid
antiviral meds target RNA/DNA |
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Definition
| Role nuclear material plays in treatment of infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| extrachromosomal pieces of DNA used to transfer specific information across the Fpilus. |
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Term
| Site of protein synthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ribosomes found in groups of two or more. |
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Term
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Definition
| Names of the large and small portions of a bacterial ribosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical makeup of ribosomes. |
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Term
| No direct role but indirectly, some bacteria produce protein poisons called exotoxins. |
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Definition
| Role ribosomes play in causing harm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poisonous proteins produced/released by living G+ and G- bacteria. |
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Term
tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)
botulism toxin (botox)
anthrax toxin
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Definition
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Term
Some antibiotics will damage ribosomes (broad spectrum).
Some antiseptics and disinfectants can denature proteins in ribosomes. |
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Definition
| Role ribosomes play in treating infection. |
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Term
streptomycin
erythromycin
azithromycin
tetracycline
doxycycline |
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Definition
| Broad spectrum antibiotics that target ribosomes in both G+ and G- bacteria. |
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Term
alcohols
heavy metals
halogens
aldehydes
ethylene oxide gas |
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Definition
| Five types of antiseptics and disinfectants used to denature proteins and target ribosomes. |
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Term
alcohols
heavy metals
halogens
aldehydes
ethylene oxide gas |
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Definition
| 5 Types of antiseptics/disinfectants that denature proteins and target ribosomes in bacteria. |
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Term
methyl alcohol
ethyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol |
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Definition
| Three examples of alcohols |
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Term
silver nitrate - used to prevent opthalmia neonatorum, blindness due to gonnorhea in newborns.
mercury - topical antiseptic
mercurochrome and merthiolate |
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Definition
| Two heavy metals used to treat bacterial infections that target the ribosome. |
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Term
fluorine - toothpaste, drinking water
chlorine - drinking water, pools
iodine - skin antiseptic
bromine - hot tubs and whirlpool baths |
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Definition
| Four halogens used to denature proteins in bacteria and examples of their uses. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
tincture of iodine
iodaphor |
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Definition
| two examples of iodines used to denature protein in bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| slime layer or mucocomplex |
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Term
Prevent phagocytosis by white blood cells.
Attachment of bacteria to body cells.
Site of stored sugars.
Prevent dehydration.
Prevent viruses from infecting bacteria. |
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Definition
| Functions of the capsule. |
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Term
| Complexes of sugar called mucocomplex or mucopolysaccharide. |
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Definition
| Chemical composition of capsule. |
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Term
Direct role in causing harm...
When capsules dry up and become sticky, they can congest air spaces - especially in bronchi and lungs.
Indirectly, capsules prevent phagocytocis. |
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Definition
| Role capsules play in causing harm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Role the capsule plays in treating infection. |
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