Term
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Definition
Nucleic Acids-chains of nucleotides connected by a phosphodiester bond
DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA-ribonucleic acid
Proteins-chains of amino acids connected by a peptide bond
Lipids-3 fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone
Polysaccharides-chains of sugars connected by a glycosidic bond |
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Term
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Definition
strong bonds that bind elements in
macromolecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| An electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction |
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Term
| What bonds do amino acids in a protein chain use (Nitrogen bases in DNA)? |
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Definition
Hydrogen bonds;
combined strength of these weak bonds is a lot |
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Term
| All living organisms use these linkages in lipids except for Archea |
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Definition
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Term
| Archea use these linkages in lipids. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ribose: backbone of RNA
Deoxyriboes: Backbone of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Glucose: energy source; cell walls
Fructose: energy source; fruit sugar
N-acetylglucosamine: component of bacterial cell walls |
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Term
| The only differnce between DNA and RNA |
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Definition
| RNA contains an extra 'O' at the 2' carbon making it very unstable |
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Term
| 2 monosaccharides are joined by: |
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Definition
| Glycosidic linkages / bonds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond |
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Term
| what bonds does amylase break? |
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Definition
| alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond |
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Term
| Define amphipathic and give an example of an amphipathic molecule. |
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Definition
| Having both hydrophillic and hydrophobic ends |
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Term
| the amphipathic nature of lipids makes them ideal for |
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Definition
| structural components for cytoplasmic membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acids: long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid at the end. |
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Term
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Definition
three fatty acids connected to a 3-carbon
glycerol molecule by an ester linkage. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lipid containing a sugar molecule |
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Term
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Definition
Big name; small structure
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil |
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Term
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Definition
Small name-big structure
adenine; guanine |
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Term
| Surages are linked together with what bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bonds between C & G, between T &A? |
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Definition
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Term
| What form of the DNA helix is the most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 DNA helix forms? |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA most commonly forms what type of helix? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the primary structure of peptides. |
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Definition
| sequence of amino acids connected via peptide bond |
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Term
| Describe the secondary structure of peptides. |
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Definition
| arrangement of amino acids in a peptide. (H-bonds: complimentary base pairing). |
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Term
| Describe the tertiary structure of peptides. |
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Definition
| How the motifs fold up on itself (disulfide bonds) |
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Term
| Describe the quaternary structure of peptides. |
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Definition
| how separate polypeptides interact |
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Term
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Definition
| stabilize the tertiary and secondary protein structures |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 strands coming apart. protein can become active again after gentle denaturation |
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Term
| Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures determined by |
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Definition
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