Term
| What are the 4 features found in all Phylum Chordata? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 other features common to most animals in the Phylum Chordata? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of animals is in the Subphylum Urochordata? |
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Definition
| tunicates= marine animals |
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Term
| What is the difference between sea squirt larvae and adults of Subphylum Urochordata? |
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Definition
squirt= ascidians
adults= lose the tail and notochord becoming sessile |
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Term
| What is a tunic of sea squirts of Subphylum Urochordata? |
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Definition
| cellulose sac of strong, flexible outer covering |
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Term
| What group of animals is in the Subphylum Cephalochordata? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is different about the notochord of Subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata? |
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Definition
Urochordata lose the tail and notochord
Cephalochordata persists throughout animal’s life |
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Term
| What are the 5 features found in all Subphylum Vertebrata? |
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Definition
Vertebral column
Cranium
Endoskeleton
Neural crest
Internal organs |
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Term
| what was the first group of vertebrates to evolve? |
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Definition
| Superclass Agnatha = jawless fishes |
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Term
| A special group of _______________ with lobed fins gave rise to _______________, the first group to live on land but most return to water to mate. |
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Definition
| Superclass Agnatha = jawless fishes, Class Amphibia |
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Term
| With relatively impermeable scales and skin and amniotic eggs, _______________ can live far away from water. |
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Definition
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Term
| Class Reptilia gave rise to two separate groups, _______________ evolved feathers from scales and _______________ replaced scales with hair. |
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Definition
Class Aves
Superclass Gnathostomata = jawed fishes |
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Term
| What are the 7 features common to all fishes? |
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Definition
Vertebral column
Jaws
Paired appendages
Internal gills
Single-loop blood circulation
Nutritional deficiencies
Ectotherms |
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Term
| What group of fishes is in the Superclass Agnatha? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of fishes is in the Class Chondrichthyes? |
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Definition
| cartilaginous fishes (sea predators) |
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Term
| What is unique about their skeleton? (Phylum Chordata) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lateral line system of fishes? |
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Definition
| Series of sensory organs under the skin that detects changes in pressure waves |
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Term
| What is the swim bladder of fishes? |
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Definition
| A gas-filled sac that allows bony fishes to regulate their buoyant density |
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Term
| What is the operculum of fishes? |
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Definition
| Gill cover- A hard plate that covers gills |
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Term
| What is the difference between Classes Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii? |
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Definition
Actinopterygii= Ray-finned fishes
Sarcopterygii= Lobe-finned fishes |
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Term
| Which class gave rise to amphibians? |
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Definition
| Superclass Agnatha = jawless fishes |
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Term
| What group of animals is in the Class Amphibia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 features common to all Class Amphibia? |
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Definition
1. Legs
2. Lungs
3. Cutaneous respiration = across skin
4. Pulmonary veins
5. Partially divided heart |
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Term
| What are the 5 adaptations that had to occur in Class Amphibia to live on land? |
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Definition
1. Legs to support body’s weight
2. Lungs to extract oxygen from air
3. Redesigned heart to drive larger muscles
4. Reproduction in H2O to prevent egg drying
5. System to prevent whole body desiccation |
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Term
| What group of animals is in the Class Reptilia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 features common to all Class Reptilia? |
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Definition
1. Amniotic eggs, which are watertight
2. Dry skin, which covers body and prevents water loss
3. Thoracic breathing, which increases lung capacity |
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Term
| What are the 4 membranes of the amniotic egg found in reptiles, birds, and mammals? What is the function of each membrane? |
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Definition
Amnion = fluid-filled cavity
Yolk sac = provides food
Allantois = excretes wastes
Chorion = allows O2 entry |
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Term
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Definition
| Only Order Chelonia living turtles, tortoises, terrapins |
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Term
| Which of the these includes most of Class Reptilia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 adaptations that occurred in Class Reptilia further making them different from Class Amphibia? |
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Definition
1. Internal fertilization = sperm fertilizes egg before protective membranes are formed
2. Improved circulation = oxygen is provided to the body more efficiently |
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Term
| What group of animals are in the Class Aves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 features common to all Class Aves? |
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Definition
1. Feathers
-Provide lift for flight and conserve heat
2. Flight skeleton
-Bones are thin and hollow |
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Term
| What are the 3 adaptations that occurred in Class Aves further making them different from Class Reptilia? |
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Definition
1. Efficient respiration
-Air passes all the way through lungs in a single direction
2. Efficient circulation
-Muscles receive fully oxygenated blood
-Rapid heartbeat
4-chambered heart (fishes 2, reptiles 3)
3. Endothermic
-Body temperature (40-42oC) permits higher metabolic rate |
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Term
| What are the 2 features common to all Class Mammalia? |
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Definition
1. Grasping fingers and toes
-First digit is opposable
2. Binocular vision
-Eyes are shifted toward the front of the face |
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Term
| What are the 4 adaptations that occurred in some Class Mammalia further making them different from Class Reptilia? |
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Definition
Placenta
Specialized teeth
Digestion of plants
Development of hooves and horns |
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Term
| What is the difference between monotremes (Subclass Prototheria), marsupials (Subclass Theria), and placentals (Subclass Theria) of Class Mammalia? |
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Definition
monotremes= One living group
marsupials= Two living groups
placentals= Two living groups |
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Term
| What is the placenta of Class Mammalia? |
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Definition
| -Specialized organ that brings fetal and maternal blood into close contact |
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Term
| What is the closest living relative that shared a common ancestor to Homo sapiens? |
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Definition
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Term
| Briefly explain how primates diverged into Prosimians, New World Monkeys, Old World Monkeys, and Hominoids. |
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Definition
Prosimians
-Most are nocturnal
-Few extant: lemurs,lorises, and tarsiers
New World monkeys
-All are arboreal = live in trees
-Grasp objects with long, prehensile tails
Old World monkeys
-Ground-dwelling or arboreal
-None have prehensile tails
Hominoids (apes and humans)
-Larger brains than monkeys and lack tails |
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Term
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Definition
rose to dominance first
only living are mammals |
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Term
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Definition
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