Term
| largest blood vessel and artery |
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Definition
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Term
| takes oxygenated blood to the body |
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Definition
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Term
| branch off the aortic arch that leads to r. common carotid a. and r. subclavian a. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| l./r. common carotid a./v. |
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Term
| in the shoulder, beneath the clavicle |
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Definition
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Term
| on the heart, first branches off aorta, in coronary circuit |
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Definition
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Term
| carries deoxygenated blood from r. ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| in the upper arm where BP is measured |
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Definition
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Term
| in the lower arm by radius bone where pulse is measured |
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Definition
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Term
| branches into hepatic a., gastric a., splenic a. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
superior mesenteric a.
inferior mesenteric a. |
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Term
| branch off bottom of abdominal aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| medial branch from common iliac a. |
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Definition
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Term
| lateral branch from common iliac a., goes to leg |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| in the front of lower leg |
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Definition
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Term
| in the back of the lower leg |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| takes deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the r. atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| takes deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the r. atrium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| carries oxygenated blood back from the lungs to l. atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| takes deoxygenated blood to the r. atrium from the coronary circuit |
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Definition
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Term
| drain into coronary sinus |
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Definition
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Term
| in the neck, drains blood from the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| medial vein in the upper arm |
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Definition
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Term
| middle vein in the upper arm |
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Definition
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Term
| lateral vein in the upper arm |
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Definition
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Term
| in the front of the elbow, used to draw blood |
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Definition
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Term
| drains deoxygenated blood from the liver |
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Definition
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Term
| carries oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood from the superior mesentaric v., inferior mesentaric v., gastric v., and splenic v. |
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Definition
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Term
| drains blood from kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| drains blood from the spleen and empties into the hepatic portal v. |
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Definition
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Term
| branch off bottom of abdominal aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| medial branch draining into common iliac v. |
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Definition
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Term
| lateral branch draining into common iliac v., comes from leg |
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Definition
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Term
| longest vein in the body, runs up the medial side of the leg |
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Definition
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Term
| carry blood away from the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| carry blood back to the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 layers of arteries/veins are called (1 word) |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 tunics of arteries and veins |
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Definition
tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa |
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Term
| tunic that lines BV and is exposed to blood |
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Definition
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Term
| smooth inner layer of tunica interna |
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Definition
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Term
| endothelium is made up of what type of ET |
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Definition
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Term
| tunic that is continuous with endocardium of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| if the endothelium is damaged, what can happen |
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Definition
| platelets adhere to it and form a clot |
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Term
| tunic that consists of smooth muscle, collagen, elastic CT |
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Definition
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Term
| tunic that strengthens vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| tunic that prevents the blood's pressure from rupturing the BV |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the tunica media the thickest |
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Definition
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Term
| contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in the tunica media produces ___ or changes in ___ of BV |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tunic that provides passage for nerves, lymphatic vessels and smaller BV |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why does an artery have a large middle tunic |
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Definition
| to withstand surges in blood |
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Term
| artery/vein - carries blood under highest BP |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ expand and recoil and retain their circular shape when empty |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
conducting arteries
distributing arteries
resistance arteries = arterioles |
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Term
| class of arteries that is the biggest |
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Definition
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Term
| class of arteries that has a layer of elastic tissue which expands during systole and recoils during diastole |
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Definition
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Term
| aorta, common carotid, subclavian, pulmonary trunk, and common iliac arteries are what class of arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| class of artery that distributes blood to specific arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| brachial, femoral, renal, and splenic arteries are examples of what class of arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| class of artery that carries blood to capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| the smallest resistance artery is |
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Definition
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Term
| type of BV that links arterioles and capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle cells for a ___ around entrance to capillary (2words) |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens if precapillary spincter is constricted |
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Definition
| reduces or shuts off blood flow and diverts blood to other tissues |
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Term
| forms a thoroughfare channel thru the capillary bed |
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Definition
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Term
| continues thru capillary bed to venule |
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Definition
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Term
| example of an arteriovenous anastomosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
carotid sinuses
carotid bodies
aortic bodies |
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Term
| baroreceptors that respond to changes in BP |
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Definition
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Term
| signals vasomotor and cardiac centers of brainstem to respond to high BP by lowering HR and dilating BV |
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Definition
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Term
| chemoreceptors that monitor blood pH, CO2 and O2 (2 arterial sense organs) |
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Definition
carotid bodies
aortic bodies |
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Term
| transmits signal to brainstem's respiratory centers to adjust breathing and regulate levels of pH, CO2, O2 in blood |
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Definition
carotid bodies
aortic bodies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
continuous
fenestrated
sinusoids |
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Term
| most tissue has what type of capillary |
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Definition
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Term
| continuous capillaries are separated by what |
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Definition
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Term
| what can pass through continuous capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| type of capillary riddled with filtration pores |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of capillary retains large proteins, molecules and formed elements |
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Definition
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Term
| where are fenestrated capillaries located |
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Definition
in organs engaged in rapid absorption and filtration
kidneys, sm intestines, choroid plexus |
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Term
| type of capillary that are irregular blood filled spaces in liver, bone marrow and spleen |
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Definition
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Term
| wide gaps and large filtration pores separate what type of capillary |
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Definition
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Term
| can large proteins and blood cells pass through wide gaps and filtration pores |
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Definition
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Term
| how do albumin, clotting factors and other proteins synthesized by liver enter into blood (type of capillary) |
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Definition
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Term
| organized networks of capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| what is between the arteriole and venule |
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Definition
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Term
| what runs through the capillary bed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| blood in veins is under ___ BP |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
postcapillary venules
muscular venules
medium veins
venous sinuses
large veins |
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Term
| leukocytes emigrate from what type of vein |
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Definition
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Term
| type of vein that receives blood from postcapillary venules |
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Definition
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Term
| type of vein with valves and upward flow depends on massaging action of skeletal muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of "vein" results from failure of valves in the vein |
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Definition
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Term
| example of this type of vein include coronary sinus and dural sinus |
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Definition
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Term
| examples of this type of vein include SVC, IVC, pulmonary veins, internal jugular veins, renal veins |
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Definition
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Term
| most common circulatory route (8) |
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Definition
heart
aorta
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
heart |
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Term
| blood usually goes through how many capillary beds |
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Definition
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Term
| portal systems and anastomoses go throught how many capillary beds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
arteriovenous
venous
arterial |
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Term
| type of anastomosis when blood flows from the artery directly to the vein and bypasses capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 places where arteriovenous anastomosis can be found |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| anastomosis where one vein empties into another vein and provides several drainage routes of organs so the blockage of a vein is rarely life threatening |
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Definition
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Term
| anastomosis when 2 arteries merge |
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Definition
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Term
| type of anastomosis that provides collateral routes of blood supple to a tissue |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
circumflex artery and r. coronary artery
anterior interventricular artery and posterior interventricular artery |
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Term
| what is the force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| bp is measured at what artery of arm |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is BP during ventricular systole |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is BP during ventricular diastole |
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Definition
|
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Term
| true/false all measures of BP decline with distance |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic resting BP>140/90 is known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| high/low BP promotes development of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic low resting BP is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the alternative expansion and recoil of elastic CT in arteries after each systole of l. ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| most common site for taking pulse |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 hormones that influence BP |
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Definition
angiotensin II
aldosterone
atrial natriuretic peptide
antidiuretic hormone
epinephrine/norepinephrine |
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Term
| potent vasoconstrictor that raises BP |
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Definition
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Term
| enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II |
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Definition
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Term
| ACE inhibitors block the action of |
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Definition
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Term
| causes Na to be reabsorbed from kidneys into BV which increases blood vol and BP |
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Definition
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Term
| antagonistic to aldosterone |
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Definition
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Term
| causes Na to be secreted from kidneys into the urine which decreases BV and BP |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| causes the kidneys to reabsorb water which increases BV and BP |
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Definition
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Term
| bind to alpha adrenergic receptors and stimulate vasoconstriction and increase BP |
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Definition
| epinephrine/norepinephrine |
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Term
| binds to beta adrenergic receptors and stimulates vasodilation, increasing blood flow to heart and mus during exercise |
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Definition
| epinephrine/norepinephrine |
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Term
|
Definition
raise/lower BP throughout body
rerouting blood from 1 region to another |
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|
Term
| during exercise, sympathetic nervous system selectively ___ blood flow to kidneys and GI tract and ___ perfusion of skeletal muscles (increase/reduce/decrease) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 2 way movement of fluid is known as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| chemicals given off by capillary blood |
|
Definition
O
glu
nutrients
antibodies
hormones |
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Term
| chemicals taken up by capillary blood |
|
Definition
CO2
waste
glu/FA
Ca/minerals
antibodies
hormones |
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Term
| during capillary exchange there is substantial movement of ___ into and out of the bloodstream across capillary walls |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 mechanisms of movement throught the capillary wall |
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Definition
diffusion
transcytosis
filtration
reabsorption |
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Term
| most important mechanism of exchange |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ___ and ___ diffuse out of the BV and ___ and ___ diffuse into the BV |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 opposing forces |
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Definition
| filtration and reabsorption |
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Term
| in ___ BP drives fluid out capillary |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in ___ blood osmotic pressure draws fluid into capillary |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the main cause of the higher osmotic pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 mechanisms of venous return |
|
Definition
pressure gradient
gravity
skeletal mus pump
respiratory pump
cardiac suction |
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Term
| ___ is the pressure generated by heart which is the most important mechanism of venous return |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ___ drains the head and neck when standing and sitting |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ___ works by having the veins surrounded by skeletal mus massaged by contracting mus and relaxing mus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ___ aids in venous flow from the abdominal to the thoracic cavity |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| as you inhale the pressure in the thoracic cavity ___ while pressure in abdominal cavity ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| abdominal pressure on IVC ___ while thoracic pressure on IVC ___ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| when tendinous cords pull AV valves down and create a slight suction that draws blood into atria from vena cava and pulmonary veins - known as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| any state in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body's metabolic needs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 categories of circulatory shock |
|
Definition
cardiogenic shock
low venous return = LVR shock |
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|
Term
| caused by inadequate pumping by the heart usually as the results of myocardial infarction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when cardiac output is low because too little blood is returning to the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypovolemic shock
obstructed venous return shock
venous pooling shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any object compresses a vein and impedes blood flow returning to the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when there is normal BV but too much of it accumulates in the lower body |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 forms of LVR are present in septic shock and anaphylactic shock |
|
Definition
venous pooling
hypovolemic shock |
|
|
Term
| occurs when a bacterial toxin triggers vasodilation and increased capillary permeability and too little blood returns to the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs due to exposure to antigen to which person is allergic |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| connects capillaries of digestive sys to the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 BV involved in hepatic portal system |
|
Definition
sup mesenteric v
inf mesenteric v
gastric v
splenic v
pancreatic v |
|
|
Term
| hepatic a. and hepatic portal v -> ___ ->___->___ |
|
Definition
|
|
