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Definition
| Contains no blood vessels |
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Definition
| Propel substances along their free surface |
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Definition
| Sheets of cells that cover a body surface or line a cavity. Forms boundaries between different environments |
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| Substances diffuse from blood vessels in underlying connective tissue |
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Definition
| How are epithelial cells nourished? |
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Definition
| From here glandular cells obtain needed substances and transform them chemically into a product that is then discharged from the cell |
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Definition
| Common in high abrasion areas where protection is important. (2 or more layers)Regenerate from below: basal cells divide and push apically to replace the older surface cells. Considerably more durable than simple epithelia and protection is their major role |
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Term
| Stratified columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| Limited distribution in the body. Small amount are found in the pharynx, the male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts. Occurs at transition areas or junctions between two other types of epithelia |
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Definition
| Property of epithelium in which cells close together to form a continuous sheet |
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Definition
| Provides a slick friction reducing lining in lymphatic vessels and in all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system- blood vessels and the heart. Capillaries consist exclusively of this and it's exceptional thinness encourages the efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes between the bloodstream and surrounding tissue cells |
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Term
| Simple (1) and Stratified (2+) |
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Definition
| Terms used to describe the number of cell layers |
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Definition
| Forms the lining of hollow urinary organs. Allows for stretching as bladder fills with urine. Cells of basal layer are cuboidal or columnar. The apical cells vary in appearance depending if the degree of distension of the organ. The ability of these cells to change shape allows a greater volume of urine to flow through a tubelike organ. |
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| Cell regions near the apical surface differ from those of basal in structure and function |
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Definition
| Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function |
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Definition
| Are typically found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur (single layer) |
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Definition
| Shape conforms to that of the cell |
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Term
| Shape of cells in apical layer |
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Definition
| Stratified epithelia are named according to? |
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Term
| Epithelium, Connective, Muscle, Nerve |
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Definition
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Definition
| Epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs |
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Term
| Stratified cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| Quite rare in the body, mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands. (Sweat glands, mammary glands) |
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Term
| Cuboidal epithelial cells |
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Definition
| Box like, approximately as tall as they are wide |
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Term
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Definition
| Most widespread of the stratified epithelia composed of several layers. Is thick and well suited for its protective role in the body. It's free surface cells are squamous and cells of the deeper layers are cuboidal of columnar. This epithelium is found in areas subjected to wear and tear and its surface cells are constantly being rubbed away and replaced by diffusion of nutrients from a deeper connective tissue layer. The epithelial cells farther from the basement membrane are less viable and those at the apical surface are often flattened and atrophied. This epithelium forms the external part of the skin and extends a short distance into every body opening that is directly continuous with the skin. The outer layer is keratinized |
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Definition
| Thin, supporting sheet lying adjacent to basal surface that consists largely of glycoproteins. Acts as a selective filter that determines which molecules are allowed to enter |
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Definition
| An aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Epithelial tissue function |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissue function |
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Definition
| Consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product |
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Definition
| Reinforces the epithelial sheet and helps it resist stretching and tearing forces and defines epithelial boundary |
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Term
| Simple columnar epithelia |
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Definition
| Seen as a single layer of tall closely packed cells. It lines the digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum. These cells are mostly associated with absorption and secretion and the digestive tract lining has two distinct modifications that make it ideal for that dual function: 1) dense microvilli on the apical surface of absorptive cells and 2) cells that secrete a protective lubricating mucus. Some display cilia on their free surfaces, which help to move substances or cells through an internal passageway |
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Definition
| Externally secreting. (Secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities) |
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Definition
| Internally secreting glands. Often lose their ducts, thus they are often called "ductless glands" Produce hormones |
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Term
| Simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| Consists of a single layer of cells as tall as they are wide. The spherical nuclei stain darkly causing the cell layer to look like a string of beads when viewed microscopically. Important functions of this are secretion and absorption. Forms the walls of the smallest ducts of glands and of many kidney tubules |
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Term
| Simple squamous epithelium |
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Definition
| Cells are flattened laterally and cytoplasm is sparse. Thin and often permeable this epithelium is found where filtration or the exchange of substances by rapid diffusion is a priority. Found in the kidneys where it forms part of the filtration membrane. In the lungs it forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane increasing surface area |
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Term
| Pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| Cells vary in height. All of its cells rest on the basement membrane but only the tallest reach the free surface of the epithelium. Because the cell nuclei lie at different levels above the basement membrane, the tissue gives the false impression that several cell layers are present. Secretes and absorbs substance. A ciliated version containing mucus secreting cells lines most of the respiratory tract. Here the motile cilia propel sheets of dust trapping mucus superiorly away from the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer of extracellular material containing a fine network of protein fibers |
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Definition
| Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception |
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Definition
| Main muscular tissue function |
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Definition
| Main nervous tissue function |
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Definition
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Term
| Connective tissue (Property of epithelia) |
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Definition
| All epithelial sheets rest upon and are supported by? |
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Definition
| Epithelium has a high _____________ capacity |
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Definition
| Upper free surface exposed to exterior of body cavity of internal organ |
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Definition
| Determined by organ structure and capabilities |
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Definition
| Regulatory chemicals that are secreted by exocytosis directly into the extracellular space. From there, they enter the blood or lymphatic fluid and travel to specific target organs. |
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Term
| Unicellular (one-celled) glands |
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Definition
| Important examples are mucous cells and goblet cells. Sprinkled in the epithelial linings of the intestinal and respiratory tracts amid columnar cells with other functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted |
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Definition
| Slimy coating that both protects and lubricates surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Cuplike accumulation of mucin distends the top of the cell, making the cells look like a glass with a stem. (This effect does not occur in mucous cells) |
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Term
| Multicellular exocrine glands |
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Definition
| Have 2 basic parts: an epithelium derived duct and a secretory unit (acinus) consisting of secretory cells. In all but the simplest glands, supportive connective tissue surrounds the secretory unit and supplies it with blood vessels and nerve fibers, and forms a fibrous capsule that extends into the gland proper and divides the gland into lobes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues, but its amount in particular organs varies. |
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Term
| Connective Tissue Proper, Bone Tissue, Blood, and Cartilage |
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Definition
| Four main classes of connective tissue |
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Term
| Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue |
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Definition
| Subclasses of connective tissue proper |
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Term
| Binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation |
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Definition
| Major functions of connective tissue |
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Definition
| All connective tissues arise from this embryonic tissue |
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Definition
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Definition
| Dense connective tissue is _________ _________ |
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Definition
| All connective tissue except cartilage and dense connective |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissues are largely composed of nonliving ________ _________ which separates the living cells of the tissue. Also enables connective tissue to bear weight, withstand great tension, and endure abuses. |
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Term
| Ground substance, fibers, and cells |
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Definition
| Three main elements of connective tissues |
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Term
| Ground substance and fibers |
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Definition
| Together, these make up extracellular matrix |
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Term
| Areolar connective tissue |
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Definition
| Used as base model for connective tissue structure. All other subclasses are simply variants of this |
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Definition
| Unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers. Composed of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach themselves to matrix elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide support in connective tissue |
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Term
| Collagen, elastic, and reticular |
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Definition
| Three types of fibers found in connective tissue matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| Constructed primarily of the fibrous protein collagen. Collagen molecules are secreted into the extracellular space, where they assemble spontaneously into cross-linked fibrils, which in turn are bundled together into the thick collagen fibers seen with a microscope. Because of the cross-linking of their fibrils, collagen fibers are extremely tough and provide high tensile strength to the matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| Long, thin fibers that form branching networks in the extracellular matrix. These fibers contain a rubber like protein, elastin, that allows them to stretch and recoil like rubber bands. Connective tissue can stretch only so much before its thick rope-like collagen fibers become taut. When the tension lets up, these fibers snap the connective tissue back to its normal length and shape. Found where greater elasticity is needed |
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Term
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Definition
| Short, fine, collagenous fibers with a slightly different chemistry and form. Continuous with collagen fibers, and they brand extensively, forming delicate networks that surround small blood vessels and support the soft tissue of organs. They are particularly abundant where connective tissue abuts other tissue types |
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Definition
| Immature, actively mitotic cells that secrete the ground substance and the fibers characteristic of their particular matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary blast cell type of connective tissue proper |
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Definition
| Primary blast cell type of cartilage tissue |
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Definition
| Primary blast cell type of bone tissue |
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Definition
| Undifferentiated blast cell that produces blood cells (Not located in its tissue (blood), does not make the fluid matrix of that tissue) |
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Term
| Areolar, adipose, reticular |
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Definition
| Subclasses of loose connective tissue |
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Definition
| Suffix indicating the less active, more mature mode of blast cells |
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Definition
| Mature cells maintain this? |
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Term
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Definition
| If the matrix is injured, cytes can easily return to their more active state (blasts) to _________ ___ ________ |
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Term
| Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Definition
| Cells concerned with tissue response to injurt |
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Definition
| Act as sensitive sentinels to detect foreign microorganisms and initiate local inflammatory responses against them. Cytoplasm are conspicuous secretory granules containing several chemicals that mediate inflammation, especially in severe allergies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large, irregularly shaped cells that avidly phagocytize a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles. Also dispose of dead tissue cells, and they are central actors in the immune system. In connective tissues, they may be attached to connective tissue fibers or may migrate freely through the matrix |
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Term
| Dense regular, dense irregular, and dense elastic |
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Definition
| Subclasses of dense connective tissue |
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Term
| Supporting and binding other tissues, holding body fluids, defending against infection, and storing nutrients as fat |
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Definition
| Functions of areolar connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| When a body region is inflamed, the areolar tissue in the area soaks up excess fluids like a sponge, and the affected area swells and becomes puffy, a condition called _________ |
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Definition
| Similar to areolar tissue in structure and function, but its nutrient-storing ability is much greater |
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Definition
| Predominate and account for 90% of its tissues mass |
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