Term
| Is a membrane an organ? If so, why? |
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Definition
| yes; organs are composed of 2 or more tissues to perform a specific function and membranes are composed of epithelial tissue and connective tissue |
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Term
| Which membranes line cavities that do not open to the outside? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do serous membranes secrete and what is the function of this secretion? |
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Definition
| serous fluid; reduce friction |
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Term
| Give two examples of the serous membrane that we have studied? |
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Definition
| visceral membranes and parietal membranes |
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Term
| Which membranes line cavities that open to the outside? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the mucous membranes secrete and what is the function of this secretion? |
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Definition
| mucus; functions to trap particles and lubricate the lumens |
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Term
| Which membrane is commonly called skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which membrane lines cavities of freely moveable joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the synovial membranes secrete and what is the function of this secretion? |
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Definition
| synovial fluid; functions to reduce friction |
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Term
| What are the two major parts of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What binds the skin to the underlying organs? |
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Definition
| subcutaneous layer (or hypodermis) |
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Term
| List four ways that the skin protects. |
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Definition
| protects from physical abrasion, bacterial invasion, dehydration and UV light damage |
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Term
| List four other functions of the skin. |
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Definition
| functions to regulate body temperature, house sensory receptors, synthesize vitamin D and excrete small amounts of waste |
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Term
| Which layer is the innermost layer? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which layer is the thinnest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer is made up of dense, irregular CT? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer is made up of stratified squamous epithelium tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer contains blood vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer contains melanocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer has elastic and collagenous fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer protects underlying tissue from ultraviolet radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer functions to regulate body temperature? How does it do this? |
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Definition
| dermis; sensory receptors detect hot or cold and send a message through the nervous system |
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Term
| Which stratum is alive and dividing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which stratum is dead and keratinized? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which stratum is only located where there is no hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which stratum is just superior to stratum basale? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which stratum are the cells grainy, flattened and dying? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do melanocytes produce? Why? |
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Definition
| the pigment melanin; melanin determines skin color and absorbs UV light to protect underlying cells from radiant energy damage |
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Term
| What are the projections of the dermis that extend into the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the subcutaneous layer part of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer? |
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Definition
| functions to attach the skin to the underlying organs, insulates with adipose tissue and supplies nourishment through blood vessels |
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Term
| What kind of tissue makes up the subcutaneous layer? |
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Definition
| loose connective tissue and adipose |
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Term
| Where is hair not found on the body? |
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Definition
| palms of the hands, soles of the feet, lips, nipples, reproductive organs |
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Term
| Hair is composed of what kind of tissue? |
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Definition
| dead, keratinized, epithelial tissue |
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Term
| What part of the hair is above the surface of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the hair penetrates into the dermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tube-like depression that surrounds the hair root? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the smooth muscle attached to every hair follicle? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When does this smooth muscle contract? |
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Definition
| in response to cold or emotions |
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Term
| What determines the color of hair? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What two glands that we studied are associated with hair follicles? |
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Definition
| sebaceous glands and apocrine glands |
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Term
| Does everyone have approximately the same number of melanocytes? If so, why are we different shades? |
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Definition
| yes; shades vary due to the amount of melanin that is produced |
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|
Term
| What gland secretes sebum? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of sebum? |
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Definition
| functions to moisten and lubricate the hair and skin (waterproof the skin) |
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Term
| Which sweat gland is stimulated by elevations in body temperature? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which sweat gland becomes active at puberty? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sweat gland is found in the axilla, pubic area and areolae of the breast? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What type of sweat gland ends in a pore on the surface of the skin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of sweat gland responds to emotions? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sweat composed of? |
|
Definition
| water, salt, urea and uric acid |
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|
Term
| What type of sweat gland is located in the external auditory meatus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What do ceruminous glands secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nails are made up of what type of tissue? |
|
Definition
| tightly packed, hard, keratinized, specialized epithelial tissue |
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|
Term
| Where in the nail are the cells alive and dividing? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of nails? |
|
Definition
| function to protect and aid in grasping and manipulating objects |
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Term
| If body temperature rises above 37°C, what happens to sweat glands and blood vessels? |
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Definition
| sweat glands are turned on to begin producing sweat; blood vessels will be dilated to allow more blood flow near the surface to aid in heat loss |
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Term
| If body temperature drops below 37°C, what happens to sweat glands, blood vessels and skeletal muscles? |
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Definition
| sweat glands are inhibited; blood vessels will be constricted to reduce blood flow near the surface and aid in heat retention; skeletal muscles will begin to shiver to produce heat |
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Term
| What causes burns to the skin? |
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Definition
| thermal, electrical, radioactive or chemical agents that destroy or denature proteins in the cells |
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Term
| What type of burn involves all of the epidermis and part of the dermis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What type of burn involves portions of the epidermis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What type of burn involves all of the epidermis and all of the dermis? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What precautions must be made for burn victim of a third-degree burn? |
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Definition
| precautions are to prevent dehydration, bacterial infection and to regulate body temperature |
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