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| What is the basic structural and functional unit of life? |
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Definition
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Definition
-Metabolize and release energy
-Sythesize molecules
-Provide a means of communication
-Reproduction and inheritance via Mitosis (cell division) and Meiosis (Offspring) |
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Definition
| Encloses the cell, supports the cell contents, is a selectively permiable barrier that regulates what goes in and out of the cell |
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| Doubble layer of lipids with inbedded dispersed proteins. Bilayer consist mostly of phospholipids and cholesterol. |
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Term
| Ions and molecules move throught the plasma mebrane via? |
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Definition
Diffusion
Osmosis
Mediated transport
Vesicular transport |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration within a solvent. Lipid soluble molecules diffuse directly throught the plasma membrane. Non-lipids soluble molecules do not diffuse throught the plasma membrane. |
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| The diffusion of a solvent across a selectively permeable membrane via diffusion |
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| The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permiable membrane |
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| Have the same concentration of solute particles as a refrence solution. (Fluid will not move in or out) |
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Definition
| Has a greater concentration of solute particles in a refrence solution. (will pull water out of the cell, drying it up) |
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| Have a lesser concentration of solute than a refrence solution. (Water will go in, infating the cell) |
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| Process by which protein mediates or regulate the movement of ions and molecules across the plasma membrane |
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| Characteristics of Mediated transport |
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Definition
Specificity: Certain molecules pass throught certain channels
Competition: Similar Ions or molecules compte for a transport protein
Saturation: Rate of transport cannot increase beacuse all transport cells are in use. |
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Definition
| Form membrane channels (Ion channels) |
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Definition
| Binds to ions or molecules and transports them |
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| Uniport (Facilitated diffusion) |
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Definition
| Moves ions or molecules from an area of high concentration to an are of low concentration with the help of a carrier protein |
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Definition
| Moves two or more ions or molecules in the same direction (in or out) |
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| Move two or more ions or molecules in opposite direction (one in, one out) |
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| Moves ions or molecules agaisnt their concentration gradient using energy from ATP (From loww to High) |
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Definition
| 3 sodium ions and ATP binds to the sodium-potassium pump, the ATP breaks down to ADP and produces energy. 3 sodium inos enter the cell and 2 potassium ions exit the cell |
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Definition
| The transport of macromolecules and large particles across the plasma membranes |
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Definition
| The movement of materials into a cell by forming a vesicle |
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| The movement of solid material into a cell (cell eating) |
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| The uptake of small droplets of liquid and the material in them (cell drinking) |
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Definition
| The secretion of material from the cell by vesicle formation |
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Term
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| Receptor in the plasma membrane binds to molecules, the receptors and the bond molecules are taken into the cell as the vesicle begins to form, the vesicle fuses and separatess from te plama membrane. |
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Term
| The process of Exocytosis |
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Definition
| A secretory vesicle moves towards the plasma membrane, the member of the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane of the cell, the vesicle's contents are released into the extracellular fluid. |
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Definition
| The material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus (half cytosol and half organells) |
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Definition
| Consist of a fluid part (the site of chemical reaction), the cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclussion |
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| Supports the cell membranes and enables cell movements. it is compose of microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments |
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Definition
| Specialized sub-cellular structures that peform a certain function |
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Definition
| Dark-staining spherical bodies within the nucleus, consist of RNA and proteins, Produces Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and it is the site of ribosomal subunit assembly. |
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Definition
| The site of Protein synthesis. Free floating ribosomes sinthesize proteins that will be used inside of the cell. Attached ribosomes (to the RER) produce proteins that will secreted out of the cell |
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Definition
| Series of membranes forming sacs and tbules that extend from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm. |
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) |
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Definition
| Does not have ribosomes attachhed to it. Major site of lipids and carbohydrates synthesis. |
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) |
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Definition
| Has Ribosomes embeded on the outside. Major site of protein synthesis |
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Definition
| Series of closely packed membranous sacs that collect, package and distribute proteins and lipids produced by the ER |
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Definition
| Spherical membranus bags containing digestive enzymes |
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| Membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases. Breaksdown fatty acids, amino acids and hydrogen peroxide. It also detoxifies harmfull substances and neutralizes dangerous free readicals |
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Definition
| The major site of production of ATP. Has a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane that is infolded to produce cristae. Contains its own DNA and can produce some of its own protein, and can replicate independently of the cell. |
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| Moves substances over the surface of a cell |
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| Are much stronger than Cilia and propel sperm cells |
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| Increase the surface area of a cell and aids in absorbsion and secretion |
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