Term
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Definition
| a mechanism for transfer of genetic information in bacteria in which pure DNA from a bacterium of one genotype is taken through the cell and incorporated into a cell with a different genotype and is incorporated into the chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| established conclusively that DNA (and NOT proteins) is the genetic material, by tracing the DNA of radioactively labeled viruses, with which they infected bacterial cells. |
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Definition
| insertion of recombinant DNA into animal (eukaryotic)cells |
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Term
| Four nitrogenous bases of DNA and their pairing |
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Definition
Adenine - Thymine (Uricile in RNA)
Guanine - Cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA strands run in opposite directions |
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Term
| Four features that define DNA |
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Definition
1) double stranded
2) is right handed
3) is antiparallel
4) the backbone of nitrogenous bases are exposed in major and minor sides of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| designates the position of a carbon atom on a sugar (in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| correlates with the phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| correlates with the hydroxyl group |
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Term
| Three theories of DNA replication |
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Definition
| Semiconductive Replication, Conservative Replication, and Dispersive replication |
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Term
| Methelson-Stahl Experiment |
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Definition
| proved DNA to be semiconservative. Each parent strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand, thus two DNA strands are made. Each with one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand |
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Term
| Two main steps of DNA replication |
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Definition
1)the DNA double helix is unwound and availible for base pairing
2)new nucleotides form complementary base pairs and they and covalently by phosphidiester bonds to the DNA, forming a polymer |
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Term
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Definition
| the nessicary starting material for synthesis of a new DNA strand, where a DNA polymerase begins to replicate a DNA template strand. Usually a short single strand of RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a primer for DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
| any group of enzymes that catalyze the formation of DNA strands from a DNA template |
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Term
| what kind of bonds/interactions hold DNA together |
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Definition
| hydrogen bonds or hydrophobic interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that functions to unwind DNA double helix |
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Term
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Definition
| the sites where DNA unwinds to expose the bases so that they can act as templates |
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Term
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Definition
| newly formed DNA making up the lagging strand in DNA replication. DNA ligase links Okasaki Fragments together to give a continuous strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that unites broken DNA strands during replication and recombination |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesizes an Okasaki fragment by adding nucleotides to one primer until it reaches the next primer |
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Term
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Definition
| in Okasaki fragments, replaces the old primer (RNA) with DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of telomeric sequences lost from from chromosomes during DNA replication (ex: cancers and aging) |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism in DNA that corrects errore in replication as DNA polymerase make them |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanism that scans DNA immediately after it has been replicated and corrects any base-pair mismatches |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanism that removes abnormal bases that have formed because of chemical damage and replaces them with functional bases |
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