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| Oxygen (Major) 8 Protons (2 inner, 6 outer) |
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| Carbon (Major) 6 Protons (2 inner, 4 outer) |
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| Hydrogen (Major) 1 Proton |
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| Smallest units of matter that retain prop and charc of an element. |
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| Protons (+), Electrons (-), Neutron (o) |
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Term
| Number of Electron spots around shell |
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| 1st has 2, then 8, then 18. |
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| How many protons in element. DEFINES the element. |
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| How many protons and neutrons in element. |
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| Atom w/diff mass # but same atomic #. Difference in number of neutrons. |
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| Atom gains or gives up an Electron (-). Creates a charged atom. (Ionization) |
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| 2 or more atoms share same electron (-). |
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| Substance contains atoms of 2 or more different elements. "All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds." |
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| Electrically charged atoms w/an unpaired Electron (-) in the outer most shell. |
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| Holds a molecule together. |
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| opposite charges attract. |
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| Ionic compound that breaks apart into(+) and (-) ions in solutions. |
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| 2+ atoms share an electron (-) instead of losing or gaining it. |
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| Makes ions, Solvent-Polar-Covalent. Major component of mucus. |
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| Solutes that dissolve in H2O are charged (+) or polar covalent ex: waste in urine. |
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| Non-polar covalent (not impacted by water) or lipid based. |
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| Absorbs or releases heat w/little change to own temp. |
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| Water (high heat of evaporation) |
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| Lots of heat needed to change from liquid to gas. |
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| Bonds forming and breaking. |
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| All chemical reactions that occur in the body. |
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Term
| Law of Conservation of Energy |
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Definition
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed, just change of form. |
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| Glucose broken down to make ATP. Energy released, bond breaks. |
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| ATP used to fuel muscle movement. Energy consumed, bond forms. |
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| Collision energy needed to break the chemical bond. |
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| (Match maker) Reduces the activation energy needed to form a bond. |
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| Carbon based. C is building block and they don't dissolve in H20. (Why we are carbon based life forms). |
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| 1 H2O for every carbon. 2-3% body mass is sugar, glycogen, starch, cellulose. Deoxyribose and sources of ATP. |
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Definition
| 3-7 carbon atoms, simple sugars. |
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| 2 mono (fructose + glucose = sucrose) |
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Term
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| 10+ mono. Not sweet or soluble in H2O. |
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| 15-25% of body mass. Not soluble in H2O hydrophobic. Small lipids dissolve in plasma. |
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| Complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
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| Makes lipids soluble in H2O. Protein surrounds lipid. |
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| Hardening of the veins and arteries. Hypertension and vessel expansion. Infarction. |
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| Most common in body and diet. 2x more energy per gram vs carb and protein. |
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| Triglyceride w/single bonds. Solid at room temp. Heart disease and colorectal cancer. |
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| Greater than 1 double bond. Fish oil prevents heart disease. Essential fatty acids omega 3+6. (Wound, skin, mental function, calc utilization. Found in flaxseed, nuts, processed food.) |
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