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bio 2 final exam
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42
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/27/2009

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Term
A particular radioactive mineral has a half-life
of 500 million years. If a deposit of this material
presently has 12.5% of its radioactive form
remaining, how old is it?
Definition
1.5 billion years
Term
If the frequency of the recessive allele (q) for a
particular gene in a population is .3, what
percentage of the individuals in the population
will be heterozygous for that gene?
Definition
42
Term
Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the
frequency of the dominant phenotype in a
population would be designated by
Definition
p2+2pq
Term
When a population is suddenly reduced in size
due to an environmental catastrophe, it is
referred to as
Definition
a bottleneck effect
Term
The most accurate definition of microevolution
is
Definition
a change in allele frequencies in a
population over time
Term
During allopatric speciation, the first event is
usually
Definition
geographic separation of two populations
Term
A comprehensive explanation for a large body
of factual information is called
Definition
a theory
Term
A particular characteristic of an organism
that enhances its ability to survive or
reproduce is called
Definition
an adaptation
Term
When a population experiences a period of
natural selection, the direct result is
Definition
adaptation
Term
A branch of a phylogenetic tree, representing
of a group of organisms descended from a
common ancestor, is called a
Definition
clade
Term
Natural selection may result in all of the
following except
Definition
genetic drift
Term
A graphic representation of the pattern of
diversity in a group of organisms is called a
Definition
phylogenetic tree
Term
Because the transition period during which a
previous species evolves into a new one is often
very short, their fossil record displays a pattern
known as
Definition
punctuated equilibrium
Term
Evolutionary change that does not involve the
appearance of new species is sometimes referred
to as
Definition
anagenesis
Term
In relatively new island chains, a common
phenomenon is the evolution of a number of
closely-related species derived from a small
number of individuals that migrated from a
distant continent. This would is called
Definition
adaptive radiation
Term
When several different color forms of an animal
fluctuate over time, but all remain in the
population for many generations, you probably
have
Definition
frequency-dependent selection
Term
When we are able to recognize clearly defined
families, orders, phyla, etc., it is due primarily
to the macroevolutionary factor of
Definition
extinction
Term
The unique set of environmental circumstances
to which a species is adapted is called its
Definition
niche
Term
A single female beetle loaded with fertilized
eggs lands on an island where her species has
not previously been found. A number of
things might result from this event, but the
most immediate would be
Definition
genetic drift in the population derived
from her offspring
Term
Which form of selection would most likely
help maintain a population in Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium?
Definition
stabilizing selection
Term
Which form of selection would most likely
help maintain a population in Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium?
Definition
stabilizing selection
Term
Life originated between 3.8 and 3.5 billion
years ago in the eon called the
Definition
hadean
Term
All of the following were influences on Charles
Darwin as he developed his ideas on the
mechanism of evolution, except
Definition
Mendel’s work on the mechanisms of
genetics
Term
A system of organization and naming of
organisms, in which species are grouped into
genera, genera into families, etc
Definition
hierarchical classification
Term
The “modern synthesis” refers to the
combination of Darwin’s ideas of natural
selection with modern
Definition
genetics
Term
If a population of organisms remains close
to or at its carrying capacity over a long
period of time, which of the following would
necessarily be true?
Definition
the death rate will more-or-less equal the
birth rate
Term
the death rate will more-or-less equal the
birth rate
Definition
competitive exclusion
Term
A reduced structure that no longer has a
function, but is similar to functional structures
in related organisms is specifically referred to as
Definition
vestigial
Term
Which of the following is a post-zygotic
reproductive barrier between closely related
species?
Definition
hybrid individuals are unable to form
functional gametes
Term
The Hardy-Weinberg principle of genetic
equilibrium tells us what to expect when a
sexually reproducing population is
Definition
not evolving
Term
Microevolutionary change can occur without
adaptation through
Definition
genetic drift
Term
If you measured the frequency of alleles for a
particular gene among all individuals in a
population, and found that the frequency of
the recessive allele (q) was .5, but the
frequency of homozygous recessive genotypes
was nearly zero, what would you suspect is
happening?
Definition
heterozygote advantage
Term
Which of the following is not a factor that
would help maintain multiple alleles of genes
in a population?
Definition
punctuated equilibrium
Term
Which of these factors is required in order for
evolution to begin, but does not cause
evolution to occur by itself?
Definition
mutation
Term
Which of the following factors does not
increase genetic diversity in a population?
Definition
the founder effect
Term
Which of the following factors does not
increase genetic diversity in a population?
Definition
the founder effect
Term
Two species of flowering plants live together
and flower at the same time. They do not
hybridize because they each have a unique
pollinating insect. This is an example of a
Definition
pre-zygotic barrier
Term
Which part of natural selection is directly
related to the carrying capacity?
Definition
limits to population growth
Term
Which statement about the human population is
most accurate?
Definition
it is undergoing exponential growth
Term
Which of the following statements about the
fossil record is not true?
Definition
The remains of smaller organisms are
more likely to be found as fossils than
larger organisms
Term
Which of the following is a correct expression of
the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Definition
p2+2pq+q2=1
Term
Similar-looking structures found in two
different species are considered homologous if
Definition
the similarity is due to descent from a
common ancestor
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