Term
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Definition
| A taxonomic aproach that classifies organisms according to the order n time at which brances arise along a phylogenetic tree, without considering the degree or morphological divergence. |
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| False Cypress belongs to which of Pilger's families? |
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Definition
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| Cypress belongs to which of Pilger's families? |
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Definition
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Term
| Incense Cedar belongs to which of Pilger's families? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sugi belongs to which of Pilger's families? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dawn Redwood belongs to which of Pilger's families? |
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Definition
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Term
| Giant Sequoia belongs to which of Pilger's families? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the "cone" lab, what species represented the outgroup? |
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Definition
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| In the "cone" lab, what species represented the ingroup? |
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Definition
False Cypress
Cypress
Incense Cedar
Sugi
Dawn Redwood
Giant Sequoia |
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Term
| In the "cone" lab, what were the 6 characteristics studied? |
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Definition
Cones less than 4cm long
Cones not egg shaped
Less than 10 cone scales
Mushroom like scale tips
Teeth on scale
No horizontal groove on scale face
Scale edge not reflexed |
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Term
| In what order did each species appear on the phylogenetic tree? |
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Definition
Japanese Umbrella Pine
Giant Sequoia
Dawn Redwood
Sugi
Incense Cedar
Cypress
False Cypress |
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Term
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Definition
| The group of taxa being studied in relation to the outgroup |
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Term
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Definition
| A species or group of species that is closely related to the group of species being studies, but clearely not as closely related as the study-group members are to each other. |
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Definition
| The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species |
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Term
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Definition
Reflects the heirarchical classification of taxonomic groups nested within more inclusive groups.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life |
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Term
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Definition
| Divised modern, hierarchical taxonomic system |
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Term
| In the 18th century, how recently did most scientists believe the Earth and all it's organisms were created? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*Wrote On the Origin of the Species
*Presented evidence that life had evolved through natural selection
*His evidence supports the idea that all life derived from a common ancestor |
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Term
| We now recognize taxonomic classifications as... |
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Definition
| reflections of evolutionary history. |
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Term
| In general, the greater the resemblance between two species... |
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Definition
| the more recently they diverged from a common ancestor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evolvement of similar structures in response to similar environments or ways of life, rather than because of a recent common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| The chronicle of evolution over millions of years of geologic time engraved in the order in which fossils appear in rock strata |
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Term
| What are two of the problems with using the fossil record? |
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Definition
* It is incomplete
* It only gives structural information. It does not provide information about soft tissue or behavior |
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Term
| In the Classification and Evolution lab, what were the imaginary creatures called? |
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Definition
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Term
| In order from broadest to most specific, what are the 8 taxonomic classifications currently used in phylogeny? |
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Definition
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
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Term
| What ecological conditions might result in the rapid diversification of some lineages of organisms? |
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Definition
These could include:
* Change in the number or type of predators
* Climate change
* Change in food supply
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Term
| What ecological conditions might contribute to a lack of change over time? |
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Definition
* Behavioral, but not genetic adaptation by the organism
* Stable climate
* Stable food supply
* Stable predator population |
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Term
| What factores might increase or decrease the probabiltiy of a species going extinct? |
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Definition
* Increase in the number or type of predators
* Climate change
* Decrease in food supply
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Term
| List two examples of convergent evolution. |
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Definition
* Wings of bats & birds
* Cacti and Euphorbia |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures of marginal if any importance to an organism. Historical remnants of features that had important functions in ancestors. Example: tailbone in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| * Differential reproductive success, which causes a change in allele frequencies in a population. This occurs through interaction with the environment, and as a result of inherent allele variabilty among the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differences between individuals in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a trait to be inherited by the next generation |
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Term
| Differential Reproduction |
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Definition
| Individuals with some traits wil leave more decendants than others. This could be either because they survive longer, or have a higher reproductive rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by small gradations of variation between individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Showing clear-cut differences between individuals. |
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Term
| In the Genetic Variation & Microevooution lab, what was the average relative sitting height for males and females? |
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Definition
* Females - 51.89
* Males - 51.99 |
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Term
| In the Genetic Variation & Microevooution lab,was there a greater range of variation among males or females? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The fraction of all the alleles in a population's gene pool that are the allele in question. For example if all the individuals in a population have genotype Aa, then the frequency of allele A is .5 or 50% |
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Term
What does
p + q = 1
represent? |
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Definition
| In situations wehre there are only two alleles at a locus and one is dominant & the other recessive, "p" represents the frequency of the dominant allele, while "q" represents the frequency of the recessive allele. These frequencies should add up to 1. |
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Term
| In the Genetic Variation & Microevooution lab, what represented alleles? |
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Definition
| Black, red and speckled beans |
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Term
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Definition
| States the the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a particular gene pool remain constant over the generations unless acted upon by agents other than Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles. |
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Term
| Conditions that must be met to achieve Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium |
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Definition
1) Very large population
2) No migration in or out of the population (no gene flow)
3) No mutations
4) Random mating
5) No natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
The fraction of a population that is a particular genotype. For example, if a population is 20% AA, 20% Aa and 60% aa, the genotypic frequencies are:
.2 AA
.2 Aa
.6 aa
Genotypic frequencies of a population in H-W equilibrium should equal 1. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When is it possible to compute allelic freqencies? |
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Definition
| If you have a complete list of genotypic frequencies, regardless of wheterh the population is in H-W equillibrium. |
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Term
| When s it possible to compute genotypic frequencies? |
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Definition
| Only if we assume Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium |
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Term
| In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does 2pq represent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The change in allelic frequencies that results from the random outcome of matings |
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Term
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Definition
| The founder effect occurs when a subset of a population migrates or becomes geographically isolated from the original population. The gene pool will differe from the parent population because of it's small size and for the same reason changes in allelic frequencies wil have a greater effect on the population as a whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate at which a specific allele occurs |
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Term
| If you have a complete list of genotype frequencies, can you calculate allelic frequency? |
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Definition
| Only if the population is assumed to be in Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium |
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Term
| If alelic frequencies are know for a population, can you calculate genotypic frequencies? |
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Definition
| Only if a population is assumed to be in Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium |
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Term
| Why is Hardy-Weinberg a null hypothesis? |
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Definition
| The conditions to make ut true would never occur in nature |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when segments of the population alter the gene pool by leaving the population. |
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Term
| Why is genetic drift more pronounced in smaller populations? |
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Definition
| The relative percentage of change in allelic frequency is higher. |
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Term
| Can a population evolve solely based on genetic drift? |
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Definition
| Unlikely, since the ndividuals remaining in the population are not taking on new characteristics. The population that left, howevr, may evolve as a result of their new environment. |
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Term
| In the "bean" lab, what rule of the Hardy-Weinberg theory was violated? |
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Definition
| Natural selection. We tended to grab the larger beans, weeding the small ones out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using the least complex explanation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A primitive phenotypic character possessed by a remote ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| A derived phenotypic character that evolved after a brance diverged from a phylogenetic tree |
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Term
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Definition
| Apomorphic on only one taxon |
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Term
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Definition
| Shared derived characteistics. Homologies that evolved in an ancestor common to all species on one branch in a cladogram, but not common to species on another branch |
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Term
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Definition
| Shared ancestral characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| Similarity in characteristica resulting from shared ancestory |
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