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Bio 1A Final
Dr. Rine
35
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/14/2008

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Term
gram negative bacterua
Definition
"evil red (pinkish) bacteria, contain extra membrane around peptidoglycan cell wall"
Term
bacteriophages
Definition
viruses for bacteria
Term
centromere
Definition
middle of a chromosome that attaches to spindle
Term
transformation
Definition
up take of DNA from solution
Term
conjugation
Definition
mating between males and females
Term
transduction
Definition
transfer of gene by a virus from one cell to another
Term
how often does error occur in DNA
Definition
10^9
Term
DNA polymerase chain reaction
Definition
"DNA template, primers, heat stable DNA polymerace, heat!"
Term
cyclins
Definition
regulatory subunits of CDK
Term
kinetochore
Definition
connects centromere of chromosomes to spindle apparatus
Term
cohensins
Definition
protein complex that holds sister chromatids together
Term
chiasma
Definition
point of recombination in homologous chromosomes
Term
endonuclease
Definition
makes the break between homologous
Term
law of segregation
Definition
two heritable alleles end up in different gametes during gamete formation
Term
law of independent assortment
Definition
during gamete formation the different genes assort independently
Term
haplotype
Definition
the collection of alleles on same chromosome
Term
synatonemal complex
Definition
space between homologous chromosomes
Term
RNA pol I
Definition
rRNA
Term
RNA pol II
Definition
mRNA
Term
RNA pol III
Definition
tRNA and snRNA
Term
operators
Definition
DNA segment that regulates activity by interacting with repressors and activators
Term
promoters
Definition
"site for transcription factors that recruit RNA polymerase, work with enhancers and silencers"
Term
enhancers
Definition
"cis dominant, not dependent on orientation"
Term
nucleosomes
Definition
"fundamental unit of chromatin strucutre ,dna wrapped around 8 histone protein"
Term
histone code hypothesis
Definition
the pattern of histone subtypes and chemical modification controls activity of genes underneath
Term
miRNA
Definition
"hairpin like structure, controls DNA translation, regulates Ln14 example in class"
Term
agrobacterium
Definition
"genetic engineer of plants, conjugates with plant cells"
Term
DNA oligonucleotide synthesis
Definition
"can make 100 base oligomers by over lapping, use DNA polymerase, dNIPS and DNA ligase"
Term
imprinting
Definition
a gene's function depends on which parent contributes the gene
Term
clones
Definition
individuals w/ identical genotype
Term
transgene
Definition
organism that contains foreign DNA or a genome that has been affected by a human
Term
are clones new?
Definition
"no dandelions, hybrid roses"
Term
what does monsanto herbicide work with?
Definition
"glycophosphate: animals lack pyruvyl synthase (not sensitive), plants have senstive glycophosphate enzyme, some bacteria are resistant (Round-up ready seed!) "
Term
DNA polymerase I
Definition
replaces primer from 5 end with DNA to 3 end
Term
yeast sir2 histone deacetylase
Definition
controls life span
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