Term
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Definition
| nonliving particles with nucleic acid genomes that require the assistance of living cells to reproduce |
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Term
| Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
small infectious particle that consists of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat
-over 4000 different type
- vary greatly in their characteristics, including their host range, structure, and genome composition |
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Term
| All viruses have a capsid (protein coat) but it varies in shape and complexity |
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Definition
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Term
| Viruses are not alive, not cells or composed of cells, cannot carry out metabolism on their own |
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Definition
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Term
| Attachment, Entry, Integration, Synthesis of viral components, Viral assembly,Release |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| injects only DNA into bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| fuses with host membrane and the entire virus enters |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral gene fore integrase cuts host chromosomal DNA and inserts viral genome |
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Term
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Definition
| may excise later and proceed to synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| (an RNA virus), uses viral reverse transcriptase to make complementary DNA strand that will be template for double stranded viral DNA (integrates as a provirus) |
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Term
| Synthesis of Viral Components (Phage) |
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Definition
| host cell enzyme such as DNA polymerase make many copies and transcribe the genes within these copies into mRNA |
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Term
| Synthesis of Viral components (HIV) |
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Definition
| the DNA provirus is not excised from the host chromosome, but instead it is transcribed in the nucleus to produce many copies of viral RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| when viruses assemble, some are too complicated to self-assemble, proteins modify capsid proteins or serve as scaffolding |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage when the phages must lyse their host cell to escape, (enveloped viruses bud from the host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| integration, replication, and excision |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis, assembly and release |
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Term
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Definition
| They have lysogenic cycle, when environmental conditions influence integration and length of latency |
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Term
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Definition
| Lysogeny is not effected by anything |
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Term
| They can have more than one chromosome, but on have one type of chromosome |
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Definition
| Can bacteria have more than one copy of a chromosome, and how many types of chromosomes do they usually have |
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Term
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Definition
| The shape of bacterias Double- stranded DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| How many origins of replication to a bacteria's chromosome have |
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Term
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Definition
| What controls the super coiling in bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Small circular pieces of DNA that exist independently of the bacterial chromosome, occurs naturally in bacteria, and yeast |
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Term
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Definition
| Own origin of replication that allows it to be replicated independently of the bacterial chromosome, not necessary for survival but can provide growth advantages |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmid that can integrate into bacterial chromosome |
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Term
| resistance plasmids (R factors) |
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Definition
| contain genes that confer resistance against antibiotics and other types of toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry genes that enable the bacterium to digest and utilize an unusual substance |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain genes that encode colicines, which are proteins that kill other bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| carry genes that turn a bacterium into a pathogenic strain |
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Term
| Fertility plasmid (F factors) |
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Definition
| Allow bacteria to mate with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| how do bacteria reproduce |
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Term
| Mutations can occur that alter the bacterial genome and affect the traits of bacterial cells, genetic transfer |
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Definition
| 2 sources of genetic diversity in bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| a genetic transfer in bacteria when there is direct physical interaction transfers genetic material from a donor to recipient cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic transfer in bacteria when DNA is released from a dead bacterium into the environment and is taken up by another bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic transfer from bacteria when a virus transfers genetic info from one bacterium to another |
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Term
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Definition
| connects bacteria during conjugation |
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