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Bio 183 Final Review (EXAM2)
Final Exam exam 2 review
37
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/03/2011

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Term
6CO2 +12 H2O +light energy---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Definition
Equation of Photosynthesis
Term
Oxidation and Reduction
Definition
processes used by light reactions to synthesize ATP, NADPH, and O2
Term
Plant pigments in photosynthesis
Definition
absorbs light energy
Term
Carbon Fixation
Definition
the incorporation of CO2 into organic molecules
Term
Rubisco
Definition
The incorporation of CO2 into RuBP
Term
Light
Definition
_____ is used to provide electrons for oxidation and reduction reaction to produce organic molecules in plants
Term
The Sun
Definition
___ is the primary source of energy for most organisms
Term
Second Messengers
Definition
amplification of the signal
Term
ligand-gated ion channels
Definition
opens upon binding the ligand to allow specific ions to pass through them
Term
Estrogen
Definition
exerts its effects by regulating expression of genes and production of specific proteins
Term
ligand-gated Ca2+ channel
Definition
A type of receptor that IP3 bings
Term
Phospholipase C
Definition
Hydrolyzes' a membrane phospholipid to produce both IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG)
Term
apoptosis
Definition
programmed cell death
Term
Brain/ Spinal Cord
Definition
comprise the central nervous system
Term
Voltage gated ion channels
Definition
ion channels that open and close depending on changes in electrical potential across the membrane
Term
Ligand-gated ion channels
Definition
ion channels open and close when chemical messengers such as neurotransmitters bind to them
Term
Dendrite
Definition
part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information
Term
Axon
Definition
part of the neuron that is responsible for propagating action potentials
Term
Hillock
Definition
the part of the axon closest to the cell body
Term
Glial cells and Neurons
Definition
the two major type of cells that nervous tissue consists of.
Term
Sensory neuron
Definition
carries electrical signals to your brain
Term
Motor neurons
Definition
neurons that carry electrical signals away from the CNS
Term
Interneuron
Definition
connects neurons to other neurons
Term
Glial cells
Definition
provides support and protection for the brains neurons
Term
The resting membrane potential of the giant squid axon
Definition
-70mV
Term
Sodium-potassium pump
Definition
a neuron pump that pumps Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell
Term
Depolarization
Definition
the effect of increasing the flow of Na+ ions into a neuron at rest (-70mV)
Term
Graded potentials
Definition
_____ are important for conveying stimulus intensity
Term
Synaptic Cleft
Definition
the narrow extracellular space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons at the synapse
Term
Neuron would not transmit potentials across chemical synapses
Definition
If a toxin blocks a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel...
Term
Ca2+
Definition
A increase of ___ is necessary for neurotransmitter release from a neuron
Term
Presynaptic membrane
Definition
where synaptic vesicles discharge their contents by exocytosis
Term
Dopamine
Definition
a neurotransmitter is no longer released at a neuromuscular junction in cells degenerated by Parkinson's disease
Term
reduction division
Definition
the mother cell is diploid but the products of the first division are haploid, this first division of meiosis is called...
Term
Down Syndrome
Definition
when a extra chromosome 21 is present in the body cells
Term
Turner Syndrome
Definition
when there is only a single X chromosome present (XO)
Term
Klinefelter Syndrome
Definition
individuals develop as sterile males, althugh they have an extra X chromosome (XXY)
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