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Exam 1.1
Biology
22
Biology
Undergraduate 3
01/05/2014

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
types of noncovalent bonds
Definition
ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der Waals
Term
four major elements of life
Definition
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
Term
functional groups
Definition
hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfydryl, phosphate, methyl
Term
hydroxyl
Definition
functional group (OH) that is found in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
Term
carbonyl
Definition
functional group (C=O)found in carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Term
carboxyl
Definition
funtional group (OH-C=O) found in proteins and lipids
Term
amino
Definition
functional group (H-N-H) found in proteins and nucleic acids
Term
isomers
Definition
molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structures
include stereoisomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers
Term
major organic molecules/macromolecules
Definition
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Term
carbohydrates
Definition
macromolecule that stores energy (in C-H covalent bonds)
includes sugars, starch, glucose
emperical formula = CH2O
Term
monosaccharides
Definition
simplest sugars/carbohydrates
inlude 5 (pentose) or 6 (hexose) carbon structures
Term
pentose monosaccharides
Definition
ribose and deoxyribose
Term
hexose monosaccharide
Definition
glucose
Term
dehydration synthesis
Definition
formation of large molecules by the removal of water
Term
hydrolysis
Definition
breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water
Term
disaccharides
Definition
carbohydrates that are composed of two monosaccharides
includes sucrose, maltose, and lactose
Term
polysaccharides
Definition
carbohydrates that are composed of a long chain of monosaccharides
used for energy storage and structural support
Term
storage polysaccharides
Definition
starch in plants (amylose and amylopectin)
glycogen in animals
Term
structural polysaccharides
Definition
cellulose in the cell walls of plants (aka fiber)
chitin in fungi and arthropods
Term
lipids
Definition
macromolecule that contains mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms
nonpolar and therefore hydrophobic
Term
phospholipid
Definition
type of lipid that makes up cell membranes
contains a glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a polar phosphate group
Term
phospholipid bilayer
Definition
polar heads face the water and nonpolar fatty acid tails on the interior
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