Term
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Definition
Maintenance of stable conditions in an internal environments
Physiological systems are controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems |
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Term
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Definition
| control of systems based on information |
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Term
| Internal functions of regulation of temps |
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Definition
| Circulation, energy storage, movement, information processing |
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Term
| External functions of regulation of temps |
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Definition
| transport of nutrients and waste, maintenance of ion concentrations |
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Term
| What is regulation of internal temps responsible for? |
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Definition
| The development of multicellular animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes a reverse process, heating reverses cooling trend |
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Term
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Definition
| Happens through isozymes. Different isozymes function at different temperatures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body temperatures determined by external heat sources |
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Term
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Definition
Body temperature determined by internal sources
Heat Produced metabolically
Active heat loss |
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Term
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Definition
| Act like both ecdotherms and endotherms at different temperatures. |
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Term
| Hibernation in heterotherms |
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Definition
Summer = endotherm
Winter = partial ectotherm |
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Term
| Endotherm reaction to temperature change |
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Definition
Increase metabolic rate to maintain body temperature in cold conditions.
May use behavioral regulation to maintain body temperature. (moving into the sun) |
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Term
| Heat exchange through radiation |
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Definition
| heat transfer via infrared radiation. (fire, solar) |
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Term
| Heat exchange through convection |
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Definition
| heat transfer through a surrounding medium by direct contact |
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Term
| Heat exchange through conduction |
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Definition
| heat transfer by direct contact. Air/water/wind |
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Term
| Heat exchange through evaporation |
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Definition
| heat transfer through evaporation of water from a surface. Away from surface/sweating |
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Term
| Countercurrent heat exchanger |
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Definition
| describes the heat exchange between blood vessels carrying blood in opposite directions |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygenated blood travels from the gills to the aorta and distributed to organs and muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Smaller aorta and cold oxygenated blood flows in vessels under the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce heat metabolically in muscles, most heat is lost as the blood travels over the gills. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determined by group temperature / density of the cluster. Generally remains at 34 C |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolic rate of a resting animal at a temperature within the thermo-neutral zone. |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolic rate is low and independent of temperature |
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Term
| How to endotherms respond to changes in temperature? |
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Definition
| by changing their metabolic rate. |
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Term
| What is accomplished by shivering? |
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Definition
| Skeletal muscles contract and release energy from ATP as heat |
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Term
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Definition
| A adipose tissue, causes heat release by altering ATP production |
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Term
| What adaptations have occurred for desert climates? |
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Definition
| Long appendages = greater heat exchange |
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Term
| What adaptations have occurred for arctic environments? |
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Definition
| Thick fur / insulation. Smaller appendages. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the body temperature is above normal. |
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Term
| What is an example of hyperthermia, and how does it work? |
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Definition
| Humming birds must eat their weight in nectar each day. |
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Term
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Definition
| When body temperatures drop below normal. |
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Term
| What is an example of hypothermia, and how does it work? |
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Definition
| Hibernation. Conserve energy by lowering temperature during resting periods. |
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