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Bio 181 Exam #2
Bio 181 Mickle Exam 2
53
Biology
Undergraduate 1
12/04/2012

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Term
Hardy-Weinburg Assumptions
Definition
no selection, no mutation, large population, no migration, random mating
Term
macroevolution
Definition
origin of a new species
Term
microevolution
Definition
change within a species ex. dog breeds
Term
Type I survivorship
Definition
low infant mortality rates
Term
Type II survivorship
Definition
constant mortality rates
Term
Type III survivorship
Definition
high infant mortality rates
Term
species
Definition
a group of populations that is capable of interbreeding and that doe not normally interbred with other groups of populations
Term
carrying capacity
Definition
the max pop. size for a species that an enviro. can sustain
Term
adaptive radiation
Definition
many new species arise
Term
mutualism
Definition
+/+
Term
commensalism
Definition
+/o
Term
parasitism
Definition
+/-
Term
community
Definition
a biological assemblage of different populations of various species at a given time and place
Term
sympatric speciation
Definition
genetic variance, something goes wrong during meiosis
Term
allopatric speciation
Definition
geographic isolation of a population
Term
competitive exclusion
Definition
two species prefer same food and habitat
Term
resource partitioning
Definition
species prefer similar foods, but are at geographically diff. places
Term
a[image]
Definition
a-
Term
b[image]
Definition
b= carrying capacity (k)
Term
c[image]
Definition
c= log
Term
d[image]
Definition
d=
Term
keystone species
Definition
maintains community structure/diversity by keeping species in check that might outcompete other species. ex. barnacles overgrow mussels, but starfish eat barnacles
Term
weedy
Definition
type III survivorship many offspring, little-no parental input
Term
stable
Definition
type I survivorship, much parental care with less offspring
Term
density-dependent
Definition
effects are more severe when population is very dense ex. disease
Term
resource-partioned
Definition
organisms evolve to make maximum use of a resource by sharing it. example- feeding at different levels in a forest.
Term
density-independent
Definition
A factor that affects the size of a population regardless of the population density. ex. climate
Term
competitive equilibrium
Definition
co-exist- use diff. niches
Term
10% rule
Definition
sun (10000 kcal) ->hawk (.1 kcal)
Term
ex. of primary producer
Definition
grass
Term
ex. of herbivores
Definition
grasshopper
Term
ex of carnivores
Definition
frog
Term
ex. of top carnivores
Definition
coyote
Term
organization of biological hierarchy
Definition
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Term
in the haplobiontic life cycle, meiosis occurs in ....
Definition
the zygote
Term
In the gametic life cycle, meiosis occurs in the ....
Definition
gonad
Term
in the diplobiontic life cycle, mitosis occurs during...
Definition
the diploid phase only
Term
in the haplodiplobiontic life cycle, gametes (eggs and sperm) form by....
Definition
mitosis
Term
In the plant life cycle, the gametophyte is...
Definition
haploid
Term
A ____ results in the fusion of gametes
Definition
zygote
Term
amnion
Definition
membrane around the vertebrate embryo that protects the embryo and retains fluid until hatching or birth
Term
hotspot
Definition
a geographic area that is rich in endemic species and designated for conservation efforts
Term
sprawling
Definition
a gait of an animals thats legs are out to the side
Term
diapsid
Definition
two holes in the skull
Term
archaea
Definition
characterized by extremeophiles that live in environments characterized by high heat or salinity.
Term
cephalization
Definition
concentration of sensory organs and brain at one end of animal
Term
phylogenetic tree
Definition
a graphic, visual way of showing the evolutionary lineages of organisms
Term
taxonomy
Definition
study of the classification of organisms
Term
mass extinction
Definition
a catastrophic loss of many species in a very short period of geological time
Term
the goal of modern taxonomy is to----
Definition
classify all organisms based on morphological characteristics
Term
evolutionary phylogeny
Definition
classic approach, homologous characteristics
Term
phylogenetic/cladistic
Definition
shared derived characteristics
Term
phenetic/numerical
Definition
assigns a numerical value to characteristics and disregards homology
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