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| A simple substance that does not contain a carbon backbone. |
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| A compound consisting of a backbone made up of carbon atoms. |
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| A Substance that cannot be changed to a simpler substance by a normal chemical reaction. |
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| The smallest quantity of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. |
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| The abbreviation for an element; usually the first letter (or first and second letters) of the English or Latin name. |
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| A particle with one unit of negative charge and a negligible mass, located outside the atomic nucleus. |
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| A particle present in the nuclei of all atoms that has one unit of positive charge and a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu). |
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| An electrically neutral particle with a mass of 1 atomic mass nit (amu) found in the atomic nucleus. |
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| the center of an atom; where the proton and neutrons cluster together. |
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| A fixed number of protons in the atomic nucleus. |
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| A chart of the elements arranged in order of atomic number. |
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| The arrangement of electrons around the atom. |
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| The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom; expressed in atomic mass units or daltons. |
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| The approx. mass of one proton or neutron. |
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| An alternative form of an element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons. |
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| Unstable isotopes that spontaneously emit radiation. |
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Definition
| Electrons move through characteristic regions of 3-D space, or orbitals. |
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Definition
| Electrons in orbitals with similar energies, said to be at the same principal energy level. |
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Definition
| consists of atoms of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. |
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| two or more atoms may become joined very strongly to form a stable particle. |
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| the shorthand expression that describes the chemical composition of a substance. |
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Definition
| A type of chemical formula that gives the smallest whole-number ratio of the component atoms. |
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| the type of chemical formula that gives the actual numbers of each type of atom in a molecule. |
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Definition
| a type of chemical formula that shows the spatial arrangement of the atoms in a molecule. |
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Definition
| the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms that make up a single molecule of a compound. |
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Definition
| the atomic mass of an element or the molecular mass of a compound, expressed in grams; one mole of any substance has 6.02 X 10(to the power of 23) units. |
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Definition
| the number of units (6.02x10(power 23)) present in one mole of any substance. |
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Definition
| the substances that participate in the reaction. |
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| the substances formed by the reaction |
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| the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. |
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Definition
| atoms held together by forces of attraction. |
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| the energy necessary to break a chemical bond. |
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Definition
| involve the sharing of electrons between atoms in a way that results in each atom having a filled valence shell. |
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Definition
| a compound in which atoms are held together by covalent bonds; covalent compounds consist of molecules. |
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Definition
| when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. |
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Definition
| when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms |
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Definition
| when three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. |
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Definition
| when covalently bonded atoms have similar electronegativities, the electrons are shared equally. |
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Definition
| a covalent bond between atoms that differ in electonegativity. |
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Definition
| a measure of an atom's attraction for shared electrons in chemical bonds. |
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Definition
| molecule that does not have a positively charged end and a negatively charged end...neutral charge; insoluble in water |
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Definition
| Molecule that has one end with a partial positive charge and the other with a partial negative charge; generally soluble in water. |
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Definition
| a particle with 1 or more units of electric charge. |
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Definition
| forms as a consequence of the attraction between the positive charge of a cation and the negative charge of an anion. |
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Definition
| substances consisting of anions and cations bonded by their opposite charges. |
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| as a liquid it is capable of dissolving many substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| in solution, each cation and anion of the ionic compound is surrounded by oppositely charged ends of the water molecules. |
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Definition
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Definition
| a weak attractive force existing between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom with a partial negative charge. |
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Definition
| The chem reaction win which one or more electrons are transferred from one substance (one become oxidized) to another (one that becomes reduced). |
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Definition
| The loss of one or more electrons (or hydrogen atoms) by an atom, ion, or molecule. |
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Definition
| The gain of one or more electrons (or hydrogen atoms) by an atom, ion, or molecule. |
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| Interacting readily with water. |
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Definition
| Not readily interacting with water. |
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Definition
| The property of sticking together |
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Definition
| The property of sticking to some other substance. |
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Definition
| The ability of water to move in small-diameter tubes as a consequence of cohesive and adhesive properties. |
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Definition
| The attraction that the molecules at the surface of a liquid may have for one another. |
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| the total amount of kinetic energy in a sample of a substance. |
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| the amount of heat energy that must be supplied to change one gram of a substance from the liquid phase to a vapor phase. |
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| the amount of heat energy that must be supplied to raise the temp of 1 g of a substance 1 degree Celsius. |
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Definition
| amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius. |
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Definition
| a substance that is a hydrogen ion (proton) donor. |
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Definition
| a substance that is a hydrogen ion (proton) acceptor. |
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Definition
| An ionic compound consisting of an anion other than a hydroxide ion and a cation other than a hydrogen ion. (Salt is formed by the reaction between a base and an acid). |
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Definition
| The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. |
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Definition
| A solution in the 7 pH; hydrogen ions in equal concentration. |
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Definition
| When the [H] ions is greater than the hydroxide ion. pH is less than 7 on the scale. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when the [H] ions are less than the hydroxide ions in a solution; pH is more than 7 on the scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance in a solution that tends to lessen the change in hydrogen ion [H]. |
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