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Definition
| The process of systematic gene directed changes through which an organsim forms the successive stages of its life cycle. There are 4 processes of developments: Cell Division, Differentiation, pattern formation & morphogenesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| As cells divide orchestrated changes in gene expression result in differences between cells that ultimately result in cell speacialization. In differentiatial cells, certain genes are expressed at particular times, but other genes may not be expressed at all. |
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Term
| What are the differences in cell division between plants and animals? |
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Definition
| Despite the overt differences between groups of plants and animals, most multicellular organisms develope according to molecular mechanisms that are fundamentally very similar. This observation suggests that these mechanisms evolved very early in the history of multicellular life. |
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Term
| What is the process of Cell Determination? |
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Definition
| A molecular decision to become a particular type of differential cell occurs prior to any overt changes in the cell. This molecular decision making process is cell determination, and it comits a cell to a specific developmental pathway. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that can divide but are not determined for only a single cell fate, capable of continued divison but can also give rise to differentiated pathway. |
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Definition
| A cell that can give rise to any tissue in an organism |
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Definition
| Cells that can give rise to all of the cells in the organisms body |
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Definition
| A stem cells that can give rise to a limited number of cells types, such as the cells that give rise to the different blood cell types. |
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Term
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Definition
| Give rise to only a single cell type, such as the cells that give rise to sperm cells in males |
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Term
| What process was utilized in the cloning of Dolly? |
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Definition
| Somatic Cell Nulear Transfer |
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Term
| What problems have been encountered in reproductive cloning? |
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Definition
| Low success rate and age-associated diseases |
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Term
| What is theraputic cloning? How does this process differ from reproductive cloning? |
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Definition
| The use of Somatic cell nuclear transfer to create stem cells from a single individual that may be implanted in that individual to replace damaged cells, such as in a skin graft. It differs in the way that it is used from individuals OWN cells |
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Term
| What two factors lead to cell determination? |
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Definition
- Cell to Cell interactions
- Differential inheritance to cytoplasmic determination
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Term
| Very early in development, each cell is capable of expressing all its genes. This is refered to as: |
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Which of the following best describes somatic cell nuclear transfer?
- Nuclei from two gametes are obtained from and individual and combined to make a clone.
- A nucleus from a somatic cell is removed and put into an eggcell to make a clone
- A nucleus from an egg cell is removed and placed into another egg cell to make a clone
- A somatic cell is isolated, grown in culture, and then implanted into a surrogate mother.
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Definition
| 2.) A nucleus from a somatic cell is removed and put into an eggcell to make a clone |
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Term
| Embryonic stem cells are: |
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Definition
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