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| an outer fibrous layer, inner cellular layer contains sharpeys fibers. Does NOT cover ends of the bone. |
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isolate bone from surrounding tissues,
provide a route for circulatory and nervous supply, participate in bone growth/ repair. |
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| Collagen fibers in the periosteum that connect with collagen fibers in the bone joint capsules tendons and ligaments. These fibers are extremely strong. Almost like a braid connecting collagen fibers with fibers in bone etc. |
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Definition
on the inside lining the medulary cavity can be incomplete. contains osteoblasts, osteoprgenitor cells and osteoclasts.
Is active in bone growth and repair. |
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| long and thin, found in arms legs hands feet fingers and toes. |
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| Long and thin, found in arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers and toes. contain red bone marrow. |
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| small irregular bones. can be the size of a grain of sand up to a quarter. found in skull, sternum, ribs and scapula. holds skull together |
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| complex shapes. found only in vertebrae and os coxae (pelvic bone) |
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| small and thick, found in ankle and wrist bones |
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Definition
| small and flat. aren't born with them. are made by your body due to friction and excess stress. Only named sesamoid bone would be the patella |
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Definition
| shaft of the bone made of compact bone. also contains the medullary cavity. |
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| ends of bone, made of spongy bone, covered with compact bone. where the bone articulates with others. |
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| where epiphysis and diaphysis meet. |
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| produces blood cells. when growing you'll see more red than yellow. |
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Definition
| adipose tissue. when not growing body stores fat in bone cavity as yellow marrow. |
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Definition
| resembles a sandwhich with spongy bone in the middle and compact bone on the outer layers. |
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| process of replacing cartilage with bone. |
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| process of depositing calcium salts during ossification. |
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Term
| Endrochondral Ossification |
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Definition
ossifies bones that originate ans hyaline cartilage (most bones)
interstitial growth – increases length
appositional growth- increases width |
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Term
| step one of endochondral ossification |
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Definition
1. chondrocytes(cartilage cell) in the center of the hyaline cartilage:
1. enlarge
2. form struts and calcify
3. die leaving cavities in cartilage
4. kind of like a paper machete balloon. |
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Term
| step two of endochondral ossification |
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Definition
2. Blood vessels grow around the edges of the cartilage.
Perichondrium
osteoblasts produce a layer of superfcicial bone around the shaft which will continue to grow and become compact ( appositional) |
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Term
| step three of endochondral ossification |
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Definition
3. blood vessels enter cartilage
1. bringing fibroblasts that become osteoblasts
2. spongy bone develops at the primary ossification center |
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Term
| Step four of endochondral ossification |
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Definition
4. remodeling creates marrow cavity
1. bone replaces cartilage at the metaphyses
2. why do we need a marrow cavity? Need blood cells to keep the body growing. |
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Term
| step five of endochondral ossification |
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Definition
5. Capillaries and osteoblasts enter epiphyses
1. creating secondary ossification center
2. varies from bone to bone and from person to person |
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Term
| step six of endochondral ossification |
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Definition
1. cartilage within the joint cavity is articulation cartilage. Protects bone from bone
2. Cartilage at the metaphysis is epiphyseal cartilage |
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Term
| step seven of endochondral ossification |
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Definition
7. appositional growth
1. compact bone thickens and strengthens long bone with layers of circumferential lammellae |
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Term
| Intramembranous ossification |
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Definition
| also called dermis ossification because it takes place in dermis. produces dermis bones like mandible and clavicle. |
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Term
| First step of intramembraneous ossification |
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Definition
1. mesenchymal cells (stem cells) aggregate
1. differentiate into osteoblasts
2. begin ossification at the ossification center
3. develop projections called spicules (mesh network growing together) |
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Term
| Second step of intramembraneous ossification |
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Definition
2. blood vessels grow into area
1. supply the osteoblatsts
2. spicules connect trapping blood vessels inside |
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Term
| third step of intramembraneous ossification |
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Definition
3. spongy bone develops and is remodeled into
1. compact bone
2. periosteum
3. marrow cavities |
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Definition
the adult skeleton maintains itself
replaces mineral reserves remodeling
recycles and renews bone matrix involves osteocytes, osteblasts, and osteoclasts |
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hromone made in the kidneys helps absorb calcium and phosphorus from digestive tract
synthesis requires vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) |
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| stimulates osteoblast differentiation required for collagen synthesis |
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| help synthesize bone protiens |
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| stimulates osteoblast activity |
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| where is calcium absorbed? |
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Definition
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| where is calcium excreted |
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