Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bio 124 Lecture 6
Hormonal control of sexual development and reproduction
33
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/01/2013

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are sex steroids synthesised from?
Definition
cholesterol
Term
the testes and adrenal glands release...
Definition
androgens
Term
the ovaries and placenta (during pregnancy) release....
Definition
oestrogens and progestins
Term
where are steroid hormones primarily made?
Definition
in the gonads
Term
in sexual differentiation the testes release Mullerian Inhibiting Hormone. what does this do?
Definition
this causes the mulleria duct to degenerate
Term
which duct differentiates into the vas deferens?
Definition
wolffian duct
Term
what hormone is required for the (male) Wolffian duct to develop?
Definition
testosterone
Term
which duct is found in the genitalia of a female?
Definition
the Mullerian duct
Term

true or false

females are born with all the follicles she will ever need?

Definition

true. females are born with 2000,000 follicles at birth.

 

primary oocytes get arrested at meiosis of prophase  I

Term
what are the prostate, bulbourethral gland and seminal vesicals also known as in males?
Definition

accessory glands.

testosterone is involved in the maintenance of accessory glands

Term
which hormone can increase agression and sex drive in males?
Definition
testosterone
Term
which hormone regulates the release of FSH and LH?
Definition
GnRH - gonadotropin releasing hormone thus FSH and LH also known as gonadotropins
Term
what are primordial germ cells?
Definition
PGCs are cells that give rise to the gametes of organisms that reproduce sexually.
Term
in males what are primordial germ cells associated with?
Definition

they are associated with Sertoli cells.

these sertoli cells stimulate primordial germ cells to produce sperm in puberty.

Term
what is the process of sperm production also known as?
Definition
spermatogenesis
Term
what is the name of the tubule sperm ejaculate through?
Definition
the seminiferous tubule
Term
what effect does lieutenizing hormone have on the ovaries?
Definition
causes ovulation and progesterone secretion which helps the development of the endometrium
Term
what effect does FSH have on the ovaries?
Definition

it stimulates estradiol production (secondaru sexual characteristics, maintains accesory glands)

on the developing follicle - CNS, bone and muscle growth

Term
what does a primary oocyte need to transform into a secondary oocyte?
Definition
a surge in LH. after the secondary oocyte is developed ovulation occurs
Term
what is a polar body?
Definition
A minute cell produced and ultimately discarded in the development of an oocyte, containing little or no cytoplasm but having one of the nuclei derived from the first or second meiotic division.
Term
which hormone mends the endometrium and which cell releases this?
Definition
follicle cells release estradiol which mends the endometrium
Term
when the egg is release from the ova following a surge in LH, it changes its colour to a yellow/orange apprearance. what do we call this egg?
Definition
corpus luteum. it is this colour because of carotenoids
Term
which hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?
Definition
progesterone, oestradiol and bits of inhibin A
Term
what happens to the levels of oestrogen/progesterone if the egg is not fertilised?
Definition
they fall
Term
there are 3 phases of the endometrium what are they?
Definition

the menstrual flow phase

the proliferative phase

the secretory phase

Term

the ovarian cycle is split into 3 phases. name them please

 

Definition

the follicular phase

ovulation

the luteal phase

Term
In pregnancy what stimulates corpus luteum secretion?
Definition

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

this is detected in pregnancy tests.

 

the corpus luteum secretes progesterone which suppresses the secretion of LH and FSH. After 12 weeks the placenta takes over the synthesis of progesterone and oestrogens.

Term
GnRH is inhibited by a combination of which hormones?
Definition
estradiol and progesterone
Term
which hormone is stimulated in positive feedback by estradiol?
Definition
GnRH
Term
which hormone stimulates ovulation, completion of meiosis I and the formation of corpus luteum?
Definition
LH
Term
what is a graafian follicle?
Definition

An Graafian follicle also known as an antral follicle is an ovarian follicle during later stages of folliculogenesis. folliculogenesis is the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely-packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte

Supporting users have an ad free experience!