Term
| what are sex steroids synthesised from? |
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Definition
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Term
| the testes and adrenal glands release... |
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Definition
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Term
| the ovaries and placenta (during pregnancy) release.... |
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Definition
| oestrogens and progestins |
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Term
| where are steroid hormones primarily made? |
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Definition
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Term
| in sexual differentiation the testes release Mullerian Inhibiting Hormone. what does this do? |
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Definition
| this causes the mulleria duct to degenerate |
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Term
| which duct differentiates into the vas deferens? |
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Definition
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Term
| what hormone is required for the (male) Wolffian duct to develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| which duct is found in the genitalia of a female? |
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Definition
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Term
true or false
females are born with all the follicles she will ever need? |
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Definition
true. females are born with 2000,000 follicles at birth.
primary oocytes get arrested at meiosis of prophase I |
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Term
| what are the prostate, bulbourethral gland and seminal vesicals also known as in males? |
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Definition
accessory glands.
testosterone is involved in the maintenance of accessory glands |
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Term
| which hormone can increase agression and sex drive in males? |
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Definition
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Term
| which hormone regulates the release of FSH and LH? |
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Definition
| GnRH - gonadotropin releasing hormone thus FSH and LH also known as gonadotropins |
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Term
| what are primordial germ cells? |
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Definition
| PGCs are cells that give rise to the gametes of organisms that reproduce sexually. |
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Term
| in males what are primordial germ cells associated with? |
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Definition
they are associated with Sertoli cells.
these sertoli cells stimulate primordial germ cells to produce sperm in puberty. |
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Term
| what is the process of sperm production also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the name of the tubule sperm ejaculate through? |
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Definition
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Term
| what effect does lieutenizing hormone have on the ovaries? |
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Definition
| causes ovulation and progesterone secretion which helps the development of the endometrium |
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Term
| what effect does FSH have on the ovaries? |
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Definition
it stimulates estradiol production (secondaru sexual characteristics, maintains accesory glands)
on the developing follicle - CNS, bone and muscle growth |
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Term
| what does a primary oocyte need to transform into a secondary oocyte? |
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Definition
| a surge in LH. after the secondary oocyte is developed ovulation occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| A minute cell produced and ultimately discarded in the development of an oocyte, containing little or no cytoplasm but having one of the nuclei derived from the first or second meiotic division. |
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Term
| which hormone mends the endometrium and which cell releases this? |
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Definition
| follicle cells release estradiol which mends the endometrium |
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Term
| when the egg is release from the ova following a surge in LH, it changes its colour to a yellow/orange apprearance. what do we call this egg? |
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Definition
| corpus luteum. it is this colour because of carotenoids |
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Term
| which hormones does the corpus luteum secrete? |
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Definition
| progesterone, oestradiol and bits of inhibin A |
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Term
| what happens to the levels of oestrogen/progesterone if the egg is not fertilised? |
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Definition
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Term
| there are 3 phases of the endometrium what are they? |
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Definition
the menstrual flow phase
the proliferative phase
the secretory phase |
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Term
the ovarian cycle is split into 3 phases. name them please
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Definition
the follicular phase
ovulation
the luteal phase |
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Term
| In pregnancy what stimulates corpus luteum secretion? |
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Definition
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
this is detected in pregnancy tests.
the corpus luteum secretes progesterone which suppresses the secretion of LH and FSH. After 12 weeks the placenta takes over the synthesis of progesterone and oestrogens. |
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Term
| GnRH is inhibited by a combination of which hormones? |
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Definition
| estradiol and progesterone |
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Term
| which hormone is stimulated in positive feedback by estradiol? |
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Definition
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Term
| which hormone stimulates ovulation, completion of meiosis I and the formation of corpus luteum? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a graafian follicle? |
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Definition
An Graafian follicle also known as an antral follicle is an ovarian follicle during later stages of folliculogenesis. folliculogenesis is the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely-packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte |
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