Term
| where is the hypothalamus found? |
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Definition
at the base of the brain
the pituitary gland dangles off the hypothalamus |
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Term
| name the 3 functions of the hypothalumus |
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Definition
- secretion of regulatory hormones to control activity of anterior pituitary
- control of sympathetic output to adrenal medullae
- production of ADH and oxytocin
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Term
| which part of the pituitary gland is an overgrowth of the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
the posterior pituitary gland (PPG)
PPG is also known as neurohypophysis |
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Term
| what joins the PPG to the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| the infundibullum joins the PPG to hypothalamus |
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Term
| the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus produce which hormone? |
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Definition
ADH
the paraventricular nuclei produce oxytocin |
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Term
| there is no direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland (APG) how does hormones secreted by hypothalamus get to the APG? |
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Definition
hypothalamus produces regulatory hormones and releases into the Median Eminence. the hormones get to the APG via diffusion through the hypophyseal portal system. |
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Term
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Definition
where two capillary beds are linked via a vein.
C-v-C |
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Term
| what are tropic hormones? |
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Definition
they are hormones that regulate the release of hormones from other endocrine glands
eg. thyroid stimulating hormone and follicle stimulating hormone are both tropic hormones |
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Term
| name 7 hormones that are released from the APG |
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Definition
TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone
FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
LH - luteinising hormone
Prolactin (PRL)
GH - growth hormone
MSH - Melanocyte stimulating hormone |
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Term
| MSH regulates pigment containing cells in reptiles and amphibians. In mammals it acts on neurons in the brain to inhibit hunger. Where is MSH produced? |
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Definition
in the pars intermedia of the APGland.
this is the bit that butts up againts the PPGland |
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Term
| Which hormone controls the glycoprotein thyroid stimulating hormone? |
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Definition
| thyrotrophin releasing hormone. this is released from the hypothalamus which gets the anterior pituitary gland to secrete thyroid stimulating hormone AKA Thyrotrophin. |
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Term
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Definition
| targets the thyroid to produce T3 and T4 |
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Term
what type of hormone is Adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin)?
what does it stimulate?
what is it controlled by?
where is it released from? |
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Definition
it is a peptide hormone
it stimulates the adrenal cortex
it is controlled by Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
it is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. |
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Term
FSH and LH are known as gonadotropins.
where are they released from?
what type of hormones are they?
what do they stimulate?
what are they controlled by? |
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Definition
released from APGland
thye are glycoprotein hormones
they stimulate the gonads
they promote egg and sperm production
they are controlled by Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH) |
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Term
| what is the peptide that both ovaries and testes produce that has negative feedback effects? |
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Definition
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Term
prolactic AKA mammotropin targets mammary glands for lactation and milk production.
what is it stimulated and inhibited by?
what type of hormone is it?
where is it released from? |
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Definition
stimulated by Prolactin releasing factor (PRF)
inhibited by Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIF, dopamine)
it is a peptide hormone
released from anterior pituitary gland |
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Term
| which hormone is also known as somatotrophin has both tropic and non tropic effects? |
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Definition
growth hormone.
- this is a peptide that stimulates insulin like growth factor production.
- stimulates fat and glycogen breakdown
- it is inhibited by growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)(somastatin)
- stimulated by growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
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Term
| in relation to growth hormone abnormalities what can a lack of growth hormone result in? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the conditions associated with excess GH before puberty and excess GH after puberty? |
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Definition
before puberty - Gigantism
after puberty - Acromegaly |
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Term
| name the 2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
ADH
and
Oxytocin (a peptide hormone that excites uterine wall during child brith and stimulates release of milk). |
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