Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of amphibians?
A. can live on land as adults
B. have gills when young
C. thick scaly skin
D. have a pectoral girdle
E. brightly colored, may be poisonous |
|
Definition
| C. thin skin used for gas exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Color of animal similar to color of its background, like camouflage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bright colors- stand out against envt, typically poisonous |
|
|
Term
| T/F: amphibians need water to reproduce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: amphibians are herbivores |
|
Definition
| F- carnivorous esp with insects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common in amphibians- don't develop correctly- too many, not enough legs etc
Concerned bc atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Depressions in landscape, wet in spring, dry up in summer
Good for frogs, bad for fish |
|
|
Term
| How do you get a monkey out of a tree in the amazon? |
|
Definition
| Rub arrow on brightly colored frog (poison dart frog) and shoot monkey |
|
|
Term
| How do you hallucinate in the amazon? |
|
Definition
| Lick a brightly colored frog (poison dart frog) |
|
|
Term
| T/F: reptiles are a good monophyletic group |
|
Definition
| F. It is more paraphyletic (leaving out the birds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphibians and reptiles together
-tetrapods that are not birds or mammals |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of reptiles?
A. have cylindrical body with ventral appendages
B. may lack appendages
C. entire life cycle spent on land
D. skin is dry and scaly
E. have lungs throughout life |
|
Definition
| A. have lateral appendages |
|
|
Term
| T/F: reptiles must reproduce in water |
|
Definition
| F. they have an amniotic egg and can reproduce on land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where embryo develops in reptiles, has yolk and albumin, covered by leathery shell, so that open water not needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid where the embryo is inside the egg, prevents drying out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holds amniotic fluid in place inside the egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nutrition source of the egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where nitrogenous waste is excreted to in the egg, can fuse with the chorion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holds the embryo, amnion, yolk sac and allantois together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid outside of the chorion, cushions the internal parts to prevent shock from dropping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external to the albumen, near the shell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in reptiles, leathery, in birds, rigid from calcium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fused chorion and allantois, allows for gas exchange in the egg |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true of reptiles?
A. all are herbivores
B. excrete nitrogenous crystals
C. develop lungs as an adult
D. live in water for the first part of life
E. two of the above |
|
Definition
B.
may be herbivores or carnivores, have lungs throughout life, live on land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of birds?
A. body is compact
B forelimbs are wings for flight
C. have a toothless beak
D. have a dense skeleton
E. have plumage (feathers) which are modified scales for insulation |
|
Definition
| D. have a porous skeleton with air sacs attached to lungs |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of birds?
A. have a crop for storage of food
B. have a reduced liver
C. have a gizzard for food storage
D. have 2 fused kidneys
E. have an intestine |
|
Definition
| C. gizzard is used for digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in birds, combination of anus, urinary opening and genital opening |
|
|
Term
| What is used as sexual attractant in birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| males and females look different |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maintain body temperature regardless of environmental temp, maintains high rate of metabolism
all birds and mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
body temperature determined by environmental temperature
invertebrates, fish, reptiles, amphibians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-high metabolism
-oval body
-body above certain size threshold
-insulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
migrate, common perching birds ex. bluejay, sparrow
common to our area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bird that migrates to tropics; migrating to western hemisphere |
|
|
Term
| Importance of birds to humans |
|
Definition
| source of food; kept as pets; game for hunters; birding; some spread disease; important in culture |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bird spreads histoplasmosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are limbs oriented on mammals |
|
Definition
| vertically; enables improved mobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are mammals able to nourish their young? |
|
Definition
| Produce milk by mammary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of animals are oviparous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of animals are viviparous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not true regarding mammals?
A. fertilization is internal
B. hair is used for sexual readiness
C. teeth are all the same shape and provide same functions
D. mammals are involved in social behavior |
|
Definition
| C. teeth are all different shapes and provide different functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in corners of mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mammals give rise to young when embryo is at immature stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka placentals; keep young in body until embryo is mature |
|
|
Term
| What kind of mammal category do humans fit into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is placenta located in mother's body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exchange of materials between fetal and maternal blood |
|
|
Term
What is not exchanged between mother and fetal in the placenta?
A. food
B. gases
C. wastes
D. all the above
E. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Terrestrial, aquatic, marine habitats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seed eating mammals, ex. rodent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mammals eat herbaceious vegetations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mammals eat leaves off of woody plant |
|
|
Term
| T/F many mammals are noctural |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large relative to size of mammal |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Category of placentals have small variety |
|
Definition
| F; flying mammals, rodents, primates, dolphins all in placentals |
|
|
Term
Taxonomically and phylogenetically: whales and dolphins are most closely related to
A. Agnathans
B. Sharks
C. Trout
D. Elephants
E. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 4 kinds of teeth do primates have? |
|
Definition
| Incisors, canines, premolars, molars |
|
|
Term
| 5 Characteristics of primates |
|
Definition
| 4 kinds of teeth, opposable first digits, 2 pectoral mammary glands, brain is large and has cerebral cortex, generally tree-dwellers |
|
|
Term
| Do primates have pelvic mammary glands? |
|
Definition
| No, just pectoral mammary glands |
|
|
Term
| Primates are divided into 2 groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Humans are most closely related to
A. chimpanzee
B. lemurs
C. gorilas
D. old world monkeys
E. cats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a requirement for organs of gas exchange? |
|
Definition
| they must be kept moist to dissolve oxygen |
|
|
Term
| What habitat are we concerned about losing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause of amphibian malformations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the benefit of homeotherms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: homeotherms must have a high surface to volume ratio |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like a platypus, mammal that lays eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer inside the eye with high amount of reflectivity, helps nocturnal animals to see better in the dark |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a correct pairing of tissue types and functions?
A. epithelial... support and structure
B. connective...rapid communication
C. muscular... contains contractile proteins
D. nervous... form coverings over body surface
E. two of the above |
|
Definition
C.
epithelial- covers body surface
connective- provides support/ structure
nervous- rapid communication between body parts |
|
|
Term
| What animal has a spiral valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a location of epithelial tissue?
A. skin epidermis
B. lining of blood vessels
C. lining of respiratory tract
D. surface of the heart
E. surface of peritoneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of epithelial tissues?
A. covers all internal and external body surfaces
B. underlain by basement membrane
C. may be mucosa
D. associated with skeletal movement
E. regulates passage of material into underlying tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are epithelial tissues classified? |
|
Definition
number of cells above basement membrane,
shape/ thickness of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single cell layer above basement membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| several layers of cells above basement membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: epithelial cells are associated with glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce materials for use outside of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ducted- salivary, sweat, sebaceous, pancreatic, hepatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ductless- produce hormones |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a type of glands?
A. Unicellular glands
B. compound unicellular
C. simple multicellular
D. compound multicellular
E. two of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce mucus- slimy material with proteins and polysaccharides, found in respiratory and digestive tracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer of microvilli in mucosa epithelium |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of connective tissues?
A. is used for motility
B. composed of isolated cells surrounded by a matrix
C. matrix includes fibers and ground substance
D. classified into connective tissue proper and special connective tissues
E. two of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not a correct pairing of loose connective tissue cells?
A. structural- fibroblasts
B. defensive- macrophages, leucocytes, mast cells
C. sequestering- erythrocytes, adipose cells
D. two of the above
E. all are correct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tough fibers, found in skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexible fibers, found in blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms supportive framework |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fibers are dense connective tissue made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not an example of special connective tissue?
A. Bone
B. Cartilage
C. muscle
D. blood
E. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| irregular connective tissue |
|
Definition
| covers internal organs, muscle and nerve |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of special connective tissue |
|
Definition
| isolated cells, surrounded by matrix |
|
|
Term
| T/F Bone tissue can only be compact |
|
Definition
| F. Bone can be spongy or compact |
|
|
Term
| Where is compact bone tissue found? |
|
Definition
| Ribs, toward outside of bones |
|
|
Term
| Where is spongy bone tissue found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Make up bone tissue, separated by dense matrix containing salts of calcium and magnesium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F. Compact bone consists of osteons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spindle shaped structures, concentric rings of osteocytes within lacunae |
|
|
Term
Which is not true concerning bone tissue?
A. Rings of chondrocytes
B. Haversian canal
C. Interconnecting processes present
D. Very much alive
E. all are true |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is a characteristic of cartilage?
A. Blood vessels present
B. Matrix is made up of glycolipid and collagen
C. Development of skeletons are originally cartilage
D. Chondrocytes in lacunae
E. Two of the above |
|
Definition
| E. (C, D) Cartilage has no blood vessels, matrix is glycoprotein and collagen |
|
|
Term
| Where is cartilage located? |
|
Definition
| Nostrils, ear pinnae, ends of long bones |
|
|
Term
| T/F Cartilage acts as lubricant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the make up of blood tissue? |
|
Definition
| Isolated cells surrounded by watery plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red blood cells; picks up hemoglobin, for use of obtaining oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Important in blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of cells packed with contractile proteins |
|
|
Term
| Contractile proteins in muscle cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it called a muscle fiber? |
|
Definition
| Hard to distinguish cells; cells are fused together, use collective term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bundles of protein; run in parallel to each other |
|
|
Term
| T/F Myofibrils make up myofilaments |
|
Definition
| F. Myofilaments make up myofibrils |
|
|
Term
Which is not find in a muscle fiber?
A. Myofibrils
B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. All are found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Characteristics of skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
| Has striated appearance; cells fused to form fibers; attached to bone |
|
|
Term
Which is under voluntary control?
A. Skeletal
B. Smooth
C. Cardiac
D. All are under voluntary control
E. None are under voluntary control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Characteristics of smooth muscle |
|
Definition
| Individual, uninucleate cells; no banded appearance; found in digestive system, blood vessels, skin, iris |
|
|
Term
| T/F Both cardiac and smooth muscle are uninucleate and have a banded appearance |
|
Definition
| F. Cardiac-banded, uninucleate, Smooth- not banded, uninucleate |
|
|
Term
| 4 Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle |
|
Definition
| Cells are banded; cells are uninucleate and often branched; adjacent cells connected by intercalated discs; electrical impulses move readily through cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of material though, composed of gap junctions |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a correct pairing of muscle tissues?
A. Smooth muscle...multinucleate cells
B. Skeletal muscle... involuntary control
C. Cardiac muscle... banded cells
D. 2 of the above
E. all of the above |
|
Definition
| C. Smooth muscle-uninucleate cells; Skeletal muscle- voluntary control |
|
|
Term
| 3 Characteristics of Nerve tissue |
|
Definition
| Conducts electrical impulses; found throughout body; composed of neurons and neuroglia |
|
|
Term
Which are not found in a neuron?
A. Soma
B. Dendrites
C. Axon
D. Neuroglia
E. all are found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does an electrical impulse travel through a neuron? |
|
Definition
| From dendrite to soma to axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of neuroglia; wraps around axon; membranes form insulation; have gaps |
|
|
Term
What are the gaps called in the Schwann cells?
A. Junction
B. Nodes of Ranvier
C. Post synaptic
D. Soma
E. Receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are Nodes of Ranvier important? |
|
Definition
| Allow impulses to jump from one node to the next |
|
|
Term
| Where is axon terminal located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Post synaptic structure can only be another dendrite |
|
Definition
| F. Can be either a dendrite or muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| End of axon, synaptic cleft, post synaptic structre |
|
|
Term
| What are neurotransmitters produced by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is least likely to be found at the synapse?
vesicles
nucleus
mitochondria
neurotransmitters
dendrites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce chemical messengers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instead of moving in a straight pattern, jumps from one point to another (seen in nerve impulse) |
|
|
Term
| What produces neurotransmitters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do neurotransmitters move through> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do neurotransmitters bind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: neurotransmitters are recycled through the synapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: mitochondria are near the synapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the challenge of the digestive system? The solution? |
|
Definition
problem- cells need nourishment in the form of simple molecules, but food we eat is more complex... need to break down
solution- organ system (digestive system) |
|
|
Term
Which is not one of the four stages of digestion?
A. physical digestion
B. ingestion
C. chemical digestion
D. absorption
E. elimination of wastes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do we need physical digestion? |
|
Definition
| "mush has a higher surface to volume ratio than a hunk of whatever" |
|
|
Term
| Where does physical digestion occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does chemical digestion occur? |
|
Definition
| oral cavity, stomach, small intestine |
|
|
Term
| Where does absorption occur? |
|
Definition
| stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
|
|
Term
| Where does absorption of water occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What four categories are foods broken into? |
|
Definition
| carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
Which is not present in the oral cavity?
A. buccal walls
B. chemoreceptors
C. ocular nerve
D. salivary glands
E. dentition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parotid, submaxillary and sublingual refer to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not in saliva
A. electrolytes
B. amylase and lipase
C. sublingual
D. mucus
E. antibacterial compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many teeth are in a quadrant of deciduous teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many teeth are in a quadrant of permanent teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of teeth?
A. herbivores- well developed pointy molars
B. carnivores- ridged molars
C. herbivores- little incisors and canines
D. carnivores- big canines
E. omnivores- combination of herbivores and carnivores |
|
Definition
| A. well developed flat molars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the good thing to happen?
A. bolus goes into nasal cavity
B. bolus goes into glottis
C. bolus goes out mouth
D. bolus goes into esophagus
E. bolus goes into trachea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does swallowing reflex work? |
|
Definition
| soft palate moves up to cover nasal passage, epiglottis moves down to cover glottis and windpipe |
|
|
Term
| What does amylase break down? lipase? |
|
Definition
amylase- starch (carbs, in saliva)
lipase- fats in saliva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening of digestive tract |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a layer of the GI tract?
A. erythrocytes
B. muscularis
C. mucosa
D. submucosa
E. serosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the GI tract contains areolar connective tissue, contains blood vessels and lymphatic ducts, nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the GI tract contains circular and longitudinal layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of food through GI tract due to rhythmic contraction of muscles |
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the GI tract is an envelope of epithelial cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not true of the GI tract?
A. contains glands outside and inside
B. have circular and longitudinal muscles
C. contains blood vessels
D. myenteric plexus determines if glands release enzymes into lumen
E. held in place by a mesentary |
|
Definition
| D. myenteric determines if muscles contract, submucosal determines if glands release enzymes |
|
|
Term
| What are the outside glands of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. the stomach is located in the anterior left of the abdominal cavity
B. the bolus moves downward by gravity
C. the cardiac stomach is closer to the heart
D. the pyloric stomach is closer to the small intestine
E. the esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
| B. the bolus moves actively through peristalsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when food passes through, it is in the abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ring of muscle, normally closed |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. the cardiac and pyloric sphincters are present in the stomach
B. HCl in the stomach denatures the tertiary structure of proteins
C. chime is liquid in the esophagus
D. the stomach is used for storage, liquefaction
E. pepsin breaks polypeptide chains |
|
Definition
| C. chime is liquid in the stomach |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true of the inner surface of the stomach?
A. the stomach makes about 0.5 liters of secretions per day
B. pepsinogen becomes active pepsin in the stomach
C. goblet cells pepsinogen
D. chief cells secrete HCl
E. parietal cells secrete mucus |
|
Definition
B.
it makes 2L of secretions, goblet cells secrete mucus, parietal cells secrete HCl, chief cells secrete pepsinogen |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true?
A. the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to stabilize pH
B. receives secretions from the pancreas and lungs
C. diglycerides are made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
D. triglycerides are polar and miscible with water
E. bile salts are all polar |
|
Definition
A.
receives secretions from pancreas and liver, triglycerides are made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, triglycerides don't mix with water, bile salts are polar and nonpolar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme breaks up triglycerides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which macromolecule is not broken down by enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not a correct pairing of pancreatic enzymes?
A. deoxyribonuclease...DNA
B. trypsin...polypeptides
C. lipase...fats
D. chymotrypsin...starch
E. amylase...starch |
|
Definition
| D. chymotrypsin breaks down polypeptides |
|
|
Term
Which is not a correct pairing of intestinal enzymes?
A. dipeptidase...dipeptides
B. phosphatase...nucleotide
C. maltase... disaccharides
D. lactase...nucleotide
E. aminopeptidase...polypeptides |
|
Definition
| D. lactase...disaccharides |
|
|
Term
| T/F: amino acids, nucleotides and monosaccharides are absorbed by the small intestine into the circulatory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it difficult to absorb fats? |
|
Definition
| they don't dissolve in water of the circulatory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resysnthesized, covered in protein, goes to lymph ducts then circulatory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat surrounded by proteins, aka lipoprotein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| last part of small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sphincter between ileum and large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absorb water, choliform bacteria (make vitamin K for blood clotting, materials compacted and stored |
|
|
Term
| T/F: internal sphincter of anus is under voluntary control |
|
Definition
| F- external is voluntary, internal involuntary |
|
|
Term
| main components of wastes? |
|
Definition
| cellulose and bacterial components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of cell is least likely to be present at the area of the synapse?
A. fibroblasts
B. mast cells
C. Schwann cells
D. leukocytes
E. macrophagse |
|
Definition
| C. Schwann cells are found in nerve tissue |
|
|
Term
Which is true about both cartilage and bone?
A. cells reside within lacunae
B. the matrix contains salts of calcium and magnesium
C. contains blood vessels
D. considered to be a type of areolar connective tissue
E. two of the above |
|
Definition
A- yes
B- only bone
C- only bone
D- neither |
|
|
Term
Where would you likely find a mucosa?
A. inside a kidney
B. covering the outer layer of skin
C. at the ends of long bones
D. lining the lumen of an intestine
E. c and d |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following teeth would be least evident in a mammal that eats primarily grasses?
A. incisors
B. molars
C. canines
D. premolars
E. all would be equally present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where are the first starch-degrading enzymes encountered as food passes through your digestive system?
A. mouth
B. esophagus
C. stomach
D. small intestine
E. large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A chylomicron is...
A. produced in the mouth
B. a triglyceride surrounded by several proteins
C. absorbed by the stomach into the circulatory system
D. a degraded polysaccharide
E. produced by herbivores, not carnivores |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Parotid, sublingual, and submaxillary refer to...
A. hormones produced by the stomach
B. hormones produced by the small intestine
C. sphincters
D. digestive enzymes
E. salivary glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following muscles contract during inhalation?
A. external intercostals
B. internal intercostals
C. diaphragm
D. gluteus maximus
E. two of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Unlike your esophagus, your trachea...
A. is found in your abdominal cavity
B. carries both food and air
C. is a major blood vessel
D. is ringed by cartilage that makes it non- collapsible
E. contains large amounts of voluntary muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When you inhale, what happens to the air between the time it passes from your nostrils until it reaches the larynx?
A. it becomes drier
B. it loses oxygen
C. it gains co2
D. it becomes warmer
E. A and C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a good monophyletic taxa?
A. reptiles
B. amphibians
C. birds
D. mammals
E. all are good monophyletic groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In terms of the placentals, what is the order most closely related to the primates?
A. chiropterans
B. elephants
C. rodents
D. bats
E. lacomorpha |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Taxinomically and evolutionarily, the cetaceans are most closely related to...
A. skunks
B. elephants
C. bats
D. monkeys
E. rodents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which group are most closely related to humans?
A. lorax
B. chimps
C. bats
D. rodents
E. elephants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which membrane found in an amniotic egg lain by reptiles functions by collecting metabolic wastes produced by the embryo?
A. amnion
B. chorion
C. allantois
D. yolk sac
E. all |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true concerning the mammals?
A. include both herbivorous and carnivorous
B. sexually behave as sequential hermaphrodites
C. all produce placenta
D. most are oviparous
E. more of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true concerning elastin?
A. is a flexible type of fiber found in connective tissue, including blood vessels
B. is a type of neurotransmitter
C. is a contractile protein found in skeletal muscles
D. is composed of repeating glucose subunits
E. none |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true?
A. carnivores have well developed incisors and flat molars
B. chemical digestion begins in your duodenum
C. lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin are enzymes produced by your pancreas
D. bile is an enzyme that converts triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids
E. the muscularis of your intestine lies external to the serosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not true concerning the myenteric plexus?
A. consiss of a set of nerves
B. connected to smooth muscle
C. can be found in your intestine
D. consists of chief and parietal cells
E cause peristalsis to occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true concerning hemoglobin?
A. each molecule consists of four subunits
B. each subunit is composed of a protein and a heme ring
C. it can pick up oxygen in the lungs and can release it in the tissues
D. it contains manganese ions
E. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not normally a component of blood?
A. hormones
B. vitamins
C. inorganic ion
D. platelets
E. all are normal components |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the challenge of the respiratory system? the solution? |
|
Definition
problem- cells need oxygen and give off co2, diffusion ineffective bc our skin is gas impermeable and we are too big
solution- respiratory system |
|
|
Term
Which is not true of the nasal cavity?
A. detects odor-causing chemicals
B. cools the air
C. is lined by mucosa
D. filters the air
E. contains olfactory receptors |
|
Definition
| B. doesn't cool, it warms the air |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of the lower respiratory system?
A. lung volume is 6L
B. tidal volume is 5L (resting)
C. exchange rate is 5L (resting)
D. exchange rate is 130L (exercising)
E. lungs are connected by bronchioles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a correct pairing of structure and function of the respiratory system?
A. pharynx...opening between digestive and respiratory tracts
B. larynx...controls airflow during breathing
C. trachea...branch into 2 bronchi
D. trachea... produces sound for speech
E. nasal cavity... filters air |
|
Definition
| D. this is a function of the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capillaries that surround the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| What structure of the respiratory system is the common opening between the digestive and respiratory systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure of the respiratory system controls airflow during breathing, protects the airway, and produces sound for speech? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure of the respiratory system is ringed by cartilage and mucosa and branches to 2 bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the alveoli? |
|
Definition
| increase surface area for gas exchange |
|
|
Term
Which of the following does the air not cross to diffuse from alveoli to the capillary?
A. fluid in alveolus
B. muscle cells
C. epithelial cells
D. blood plasma
E. more than one of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not a step in the diffusion of oxygen from alveolus to capillary?
A. oxygen concentration higher in lumen than in capillary
B. oxygen dissolves into fluid coating alveolus
C. oxygen released into air between alveolus and capillary
D. oxygen moves to epithelial cell
E. oxygen moves to blood plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: cold fluid holds more oxygen than warm fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| negative pressure breathing |
|
Definition
| to get air in lungs, vacuum is created by expanding thoracic cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| volume of air moving into and out of lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maximum amount of air that can be expired after a forceful inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles between ribs, help with inspiration |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things happen when we inhale? |
|
Definition
| diaphragm drops down, external intercostals contract |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things happen when we exhale? |
|
Definition
| diaphragm relaxes, internal intercostals contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slow breathing, too much co2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid breathing, too much o2 |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a way that breathing rate is regulated?
A. rise in co2 causes blood pH to decrease
B. neurons in aorta and carotid bodies send impulses to control center in medulla oblongata
C. medulla sends signal to diaphragm and external intercostals
D. they expand to take in air
E. all are part |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. each liter of blood can hold 3mL of oxygen without Hb
B. oxygen diffuses in liquid
C. hemoglobin can transport oxygen throughout the body
D. hemoglobin is composed of 6 subunits
E. heme is a tetrapyrole, type of porphyrin |
|
Definition
| D. hemoglobin is made of 4 subunits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heme, cytochromes, chlorohpyll |
|
|
Term
Which is not a component of hemoglobin?
A. 2 alpha globins
B. 2 beta globins
C. 5 protein subunits
D. a non protein pophyrin
E. molecules of heme |
|
Definition
| C. there are 4 protein subunits |
|
|
Term
| What part of the heme is able to become oxidized, transporting oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many molecules of oxygen can hemoglobin carry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many oxidation states can occur in hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. with Hb, blood can carry 300mL blood
B. dissociation curves show %saturation vs. pressure of o2 (concentration)
C. the saturation curve is a 3 phase curve
D. the saturation curve is sigmoidal
E. all are true |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is there a lag phase in the oxygen saturation curve? |
|
Definition
| Hb subunits must convert from nonbinding to binding form |
|
|
Term
| What is the benefit in the lag of the oxygen saturation curve? |
|
Definition
| Hb can release all oxygen such as when exercising |
|
|
Term
Which of the following does not lower affinity for oxygen in Hb
A. low blood pH
B. larger animal size
C. higher temperature
D. mother in relation to fetus
E. all of these have lower affinity for oxygen |
|
Definition
| B. smaller animal size lowers blood pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hb has lower affinity for oxygen under acidic conditions |
|
|
Term
Which of the following facts about RBCs is not true?
A. they lose their nucleus
B. they are produced in bone marrow
C. they are called leukocytes
D. they carry hemoglobin
E. more than one of the above |
|
Definition
| C. they are called erythrocytes |
|
|
Term
| how do you ensure that your lungs keep working |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shape of the hemoglobin curve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does most co2 become to make its way back to lungs? |
|
Definition
| carbonic acid carried by red blood cells |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of blood?
A. plasma is 55% of blood
B. erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets are 45% of blood
C. fibrinogen is used for clotting
D. most cells are WBCs
E. WBCs have a nucleus |
|
Definition
| D. most are red blood cells |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not true of WBCs?
A. function to fight disease
B. there are two main types
C. they lack a nucleus
D. they can leave the blood vessels
E. they are called leukocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| artery vs capillary vs vein structure |
|
Definition
artery- thickest
capillary- thinnest
vein- middle |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of blood? |
|
Definition
| transports gasses, food, metabolic waste, hormones, maintains osmotic homeostasis, thermal regulation, fight disease and injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| granulocytes and agranulocytes |
|
|
Term
Which has sphincters?
A. arteries
B. capillaries
C. veins
D. two of the above
E. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compare spaghetti to arteries and veins |
|
Definition
arteries- undercooked
veins- overcooked |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary form by which carbon dioxide is transported from the tissues back to the lungs? |
|
Definition
| as bicarbonate dissolved in blood plasma |
|
|
