Term
| What is the challenge of the digestive system? The solution? |
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Definition
problem- cells need nourishment in the form of simple molecules, but food we eat is more complex... need to break down
solution- organ system (digestive system) |
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Term
Which is not one of the four stages of digestion?
A. physical digestion
B. ingestion
C. chemical digestion
D. absorption
E. elimination of wastes |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we need physical digestion? |
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Definition
| "mush has a higher surface to volume ratio than a hunk of whatever" |
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Term
| Where does physical digestion occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does chemical digestion occur? |
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Definition
| oral cavity, stomach, small intestine |
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Term
| Where does absorption occur? |
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Definition
| stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
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Term
| Where does absorption of water occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What four categories are foods broken into? |
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Definition
| carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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Term
Which is not present in the oral cavity?
A. buccal walls
B. chemoreceptors
C. ocular nerve
D. salivary glands
E. dentition |
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Definition
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Term
| parotid, submaxillary and sublingual refer to what? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not in saliva
A. electrolytes
B. amylase and lipase
C. sublingual
D. mucus
E. antibacterial compounds |
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Definition
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Term
| How many teeth are in a quadrant of deciduous teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many teeth are in a quadrant of permanent teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of teeth?
A. herbivores- well developed pointy molars
B. carnivores- ridged molars
C. herbivores- little incisors and canines
D. carnivores- big canines
E. omnivores- combination of herbivores and carnivores |
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Definition
| A. well developed flat molars |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What is the good thing to happen?
A. bolus goes into nasal cavity
B. bolus goes into glottis
C. bolus goes out mouth
D. bolus goes into esophagus
E. bolus goes into trachea |
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Definition
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Term
| How does swallowing reflex work? |
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Definition
| soft palate moves up to cover nasal passage, epiglottis moves down to cover glottis and windpipe |
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Term
| What does amylase break down? lipase? |
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Definition
amylase- starch (carbs, in saliva)
lipase- fats in saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| opening of digestive tract |
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Term
Which of the following is not a layer of the GI tract?
A. erythrocytes
B. muscularis
C. mucosa
D. submucosa
E. serosa |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer of the GI tract contains areolar connective tissue, contains blood vessels and lymphatic ducts, nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer of the GI tract contains circular and longitudinal layers? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement of food through GI tract due to rhythmic contraction of muscles |
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Term
| Which layer of the GI tract is an envelope of epithelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
Which is not true of the GI tract?
A. contains glands outside and inside
B. have circular and longitudinal muscles
C. contains blood vessels
D. myenteric plexus determines if glands release enzymes into lumen
E. held in place by a mesentary |
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Definition
| D. myenteric determines if muscles contract, submucosal determines if glands release enzymes |
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Term
| What are the outside glands of the GI tract? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. the stomach is located in the anterior left of the abdominal cavity
B. the bolus moves downward by gravity
C. the cardiac stomach is closer to the heart
D. the pyloric stomach is closer to the small intestine
E. the esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity |
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Definition
| B. the bolus moves actively through peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
| when food passes through, it is in the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ring of muscle, normally closed |
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Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. the cardiac and pyloric sphincters are present in the stomach
B. HCl in the stomach denatures the tertiary structure of proteins
C. chime is liquid in the esophagus
D. the stomach is used for storage, liquefaction
E. pepsin breaks polypeptide chains |
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Definition
| C. chime is liquid in the stomach |
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Term
Which of the following is true of the inner surface of the stomach?
A. the stomach makes about 0.5 liters of secretions per day
B. pepsinogen becomes active pepsin in the stomach
C. goblet cells pepsinogen
D. chief cells secrete HCl
E. parietal cells secrete mucus |
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Definition
B.
it makes 2L of secretions, goblet cells secrete mucus, parietal cells secrete HCl, chief cells secrete pepsinogen |
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Term
Which of the following is true?
A. the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to stabilize pH
B. receives secretions from the pancreas and lungs
C. diglycerides are made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
D. triglycerides are polar and miscible with water
E. bile salts are all polar |
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Definition
A.
receives secretions from pancreas and liver, triglycerides are made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, triglycerides don't mix with water, bile salts are polar and nonpolar |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme breaks up triglycerides? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which macromolecule is not broken down by enzymes? |
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Definition
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Term
Which is not a correct pairing of pancreatic enzymes?
A. deoxyribonuclease...DNA
B. trypsin...polypeptides
C. lipase...fats
D. chymotrypsin...starch
E. amylase...starch |
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Definition
| D. chymotrypsin breaks down polypeptides |
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Term
Which is not a correct pairing of intestinal enzymes?
A. dipeptidase...dipeptides
B. phosphatase...nucleotide
C. maltase... disaccharides
D. lactase...nucleotide
E. aminopeptidase...polypeptides |
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Definition
| D. lactase...disaccharides |
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Term
| T/F: amino acids, nucleotides and monosaccharides are absorbed by the small intestine into the circulatory system |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it difficult to absorb fats? |
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Definition
| they don't dissolve in water of the circulatory system |
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Term
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Definition
| resysnthesized, covered in protein, goes to lymph ducts then circulatory system |
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Term
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Definition
| fat surrounded by proteins, aka lipoprotein |
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Term
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Definition
| last part of small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| sphincter between ileum and large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| absorb water, choliform bacteria (make vitamin K for blood clotting, materials compacted and stored |
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Term
| T/F: internal sphincter of anus is under voluntary control |
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Definition
| F- external is voluntary, internal involuntary |
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Term
| main components of wastes? |
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Definition
| cellulose and bacterial components |
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Term
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Definition
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