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Which of the following is not true of amphibians?
A. can live on land as adults
B. have gills when young
C. thick scaly skin
D. have a pectoral girdle
E. brightly colored, may be poisonous |
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Definition
| C. thin skin used for gas exchange |
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| Color of animal similar to color of its background, like camouflage |
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| Bright colors- stand out against envt, typically poisonous |
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| T/F: amphibians need water to reproduce |
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| T/F: amphibians are herbivores |
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| F- carnivorous esp with insects |
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Common in amphibians- don't develop correctly- too many, not enough legs etc
Concerned bc atmosphere |
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Depressions in landscape, wet in spring, dry up in summer
Good for frogs, bad for fish |
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| How do you get a monkey out of a tree in the amazon? |
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| Rub arrow on brightly colored frog (poison dart frog) and shoot monkey |
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| How do you hallucinate in the amazon? |
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| Lick a brightly colored frog (poison dart frog) |
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| T/F: reptiles are a good monophyletic group |
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| F. It is more paraphyletic (leaving out the birds) |
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amphibians and reptiles together
-tetrapods that are not birds or mammals |
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Which of the following is not true of reptiles?
A. have cylindrical body with ventral appendages
B. may lack appendages
C. entire life cycle spent on land
D. skin is dry and scaly
E. have lungs throughout life |
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Definition
| A. have lateral appendages |
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| T/F: reptiles must reproduce in water |
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Definition
| F. they have an amniotic egg and can reproduce on land |
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| where embryo develops in reptiles, has yolk and albumin, covered by leathery shell, so that open water not needed |
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| fluid where the embryo is inside the egg, prevents drying out |
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| holds amniotic fluid in place inside the egg |
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| nutrition source of the egg |
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| where nitrogenous waste is excreted to in the egg, can fuse with the chorion |
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| holds the embryo, amnion, yolk sac and allantois together |
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| fluid outside of the chorion, cushions the internal parts to prevent shock from dropping |
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| external to the albumen, near the shell |
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| in reptiles, leathery, in birds, rigid from calcium |
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| fused chorion and allantois, allows for gas exchange in the egg |
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Which of the following is true of reptiles?
A. all are herbivores
B. excrete nitrogenous crystals
C. develop lungs as an adult
D. live in water for the first part of life
E. two of the above |
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Definition
B.
may be herbivores or carnivores, have lungs throughout life, live on land |
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Which of the following is not true of birds?
A. body is compact
B forelimbs are wings for flight
C. have a toothless beak
D. have a dense skeleton
E. have plumage (feathers) which are modified scales for insulation |
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Definition
| D. have a porous skeleton with air sacs attached to lungs |
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Which of the following is not true of birds?
A. have a crop for storage of food
B. have a reduced liver
C. have a gizzard for food storage
D. have 2 fused kidneys
E. have an intestine |
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Definition
| C. gizzard is used for digestion |
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Definition
| in birds, combination of anus, urinary opening and genital opening |
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| What is used as sexual attractant in birds? |
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| males and females look different |
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maintain body temperature regardless of environmental temp, maintains high rate of metabolism
all birds and mammals |
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body temperature determined by environmental temperature
invertebrates, fish, reptiles, amphibians |
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-high metabolism
-oval body
-body above certain size threshold
-insulation |
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migrate, common perching birds ex. bluejay, sparrow
common to our area |
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| Bird that migrates to tropics; migrating to western hemisphere |
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| Importance of birds to humans |
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| source of food; kept as pets; game for hunters; birding; some spread disease; important in culture |
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| What kind of bird spreads histoplasmosis? |
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| How are limbs oriented on mammals |
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| vertically; enables improved mobility |
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| How are mammals able to nourish their young? |
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| Produce milk by mammary glands |
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| What kind of animals are oviparous? |
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| What kind of animals are viviparous? |
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Which is not true regarding mammals?
A. fertilization is internal
B. hair is used for sexual readiness
C. teeth are all the same shape and provide same functions
D. mammals are involved in social behavior |
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| C. teeth are all different shapes and provide different functions |
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| located in corners of mouth |
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| mammals give rise to young when embryo is at immature stage |
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| aka placentals; keep young in body until embryo is mature |
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| What kind of mammal category do humans fit into? |
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| Where is placenta located in mother's body? |
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| exchange of materials between fetal and maternal blood |
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What is not exchanged between mother and fetal in the placenta?
A. food
B. gases
C. wastes
D. all the above
E. none of the above |
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| Terrestrial, aquatic, marine habitats |
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| seed eating mammals, ex. rodent |
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| mammals eat herbaceious vegetations |
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| mammals eat leaves off of woody plant |
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| T/F many mammals are noctural |
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| large relative to size of mammal |
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| T/F: Category of placentals have small variety |
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Definition
| F; flying mammals, rodents, primates, dolphins all in placentals |
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Taxonomically and phylogenetically: whales and dolphins are most closely related to
A. Agnathans
B. Sharks
C. Trout
D. Elephants
E. all of the above |
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| What 4 kinds of teeth do primates have? |
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Definition
| Incisors, canines, premolars, molars |
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| 5 Characteristics of primates |
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| 4 kinds of teeth, opposable first digits, 2 pectoral mammary glands, brain is large and has cerebral cortex, generally tree-dwellers |
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| Do primates have pelvic mammary glands? |
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| No, just pectoral mammary glands |
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| Primates are divided into 2 groups |
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Humans are most closely related to
A. chimpanzee
B. lemurs
C. gorilas
D. old world monkeys
E. cats |
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| What is a requirement for organs of gas exchange? |
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| they must be kept moist to dissolve oxygen |
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| What habitat are we concerned about losing? |
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| Cause of amphibian malformations? |
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| What is the benefit of homeotherms? |
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| T/F: homeotherms must have a high surface to volume ratio |
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| like a platypus, mammal that lays eggs |
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| layer inside the eye with high amount of reflectivity, helps nocturnal animals to see better in the dark |
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