Term
| What is the challenge of the respiratory system? the solution? |
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Definition
problem- cells need oxygen and give off co2, diffusion ineffective bc our skin is gas impermeable and we are too big
solution- respiratory system |
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Term
Which is not true of the nasal cavity?
A. detects odor-causing chemicals
B. cools the air
C. is lined by mucosa
D. filters the air
E. contains olfactory receptors |
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Definition
| B. doesn't cool, it warms the air |
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Term
Which of the following is not true of the lower respiratory system?
A. lung volume is 6L
B. tidal volume is 5L (resting)
C. exchange rate is 5L (resting)
D. exchange rate is 130L (exercising)
E. lungs are connected by bronchioles |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a correct pairing of structure and function of the respiratory system?
A. pharynx...opening between digestive and respiratory tracts
B. larynx...controls airflow during breathing
C. trachea...branch into 2 bronchi
D. trachea... produces sound for speech
E. nasal cavity... filters air |
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Definition
| D. this is a function of the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| capillaries that surround the alveoli |
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Term
| What structure of the respiratory system is the common opening between the digestive and respiratory systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure of the respiratory system controls airflow during breathing, protects the airway, and produces sound for speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure of the respiratory system is ringed by cartilage and mucosa and branches to 2 bronchi? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the alveoli? |
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Definition
| increase surface area for gas exchange |
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Term
Which of the following does the air not cross to diffuse from alveoli to the capillary?
A. fluid in alveolus
B. muscle cells
C. epithelial cells
D. blood plasma
E. more than one of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Which is not a step in the diffusion of oxygen from alveolus to capillary?
A. oxygen concentration higher in lumen than in capillary
B. oxygen dissolves into fluid coating alveolus
C. oxygen released into air between alveolus and capillary
D. oxygen moves to epithelial cell
E. oxygen moves to blood plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: cold fluid holds more oxygen than warm fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| negative pressure breathing |
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Definition
| to get air in lungs, vacuum is created by expanding thoracic cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of air moving into and out of lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum amount of air that can be expired after a forceful inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles between ribs, help with inspiration |
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Term
| What 2 things happen when we inhale? |
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Definition
| diaphragm drops down, external intercostals contract |
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Term
| What 2 things happen when we exhale? |
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Definition
| diaphragm relaxes, internal intercostals contract |
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Term
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Definition
| slow breathing, too much co2 |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid breathing, too much o2 |
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Term
Which of the following is not a way that breathing rate is regulated?
A. rise in co2 causes blood pH to decrease
B. neurons in aorta and carotid bodies send impulses to control center in medulla oblongata
C. medulla sends signal to diaphragm and external intercostals
D. they expand to take in air
E. all are part |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. each liter of blood can hold 3mL of oxygen without Hb
B. oxygen diffuses in liquid
C. hemoglobin can transport oxygen throughout the body
D. hemoglobin is composed of 6 subunits
E. heme is a tetrapyrole, type of porphyrin |
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Definition
| D. hemoglobin is made of 4 subunits |
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Term
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Definition
| heme, cytochromes, chlorohpyll |
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Term
Which is not a component of hemoglobin?
A. 2 alpha globins
B. 2 beta globins
C. 5 protein subunits
D. a non protein pophyrin
E. molecules of heme |
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Definition
| C. there are 4 protein subunits |
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Term
| What part of the heme is able to become oxidized, transporting oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many molecules of oxygen can hemoglobin carry? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many oxidation states can occur in hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. with Hb, blood can carry 300mL blood
B. dissociation curves show %saturation vs. pressure of o2 (concentration)
C. the saturation curve is a 3 phase curve
D. the saturation curve is sigmoidal
E. all are true |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is there a lag phase in the oxygen saturation curve? |
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Definition
| Hb subunits must convert from nonbinding to binding form |
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Term
| What is the benefit in the lag of the oxygen saturation curve? |
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Definition
| Hb can release all oxygen such as when exercising |
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Term
Which of the following does not lower affinity for oxygen in Hb
A. low blood pH
B. larger animal size
C. higher temperature
D. mother in relation to fetus
E. all of these have lower affinity for oxygen |
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Definition
| B. smaller animal size lowers blood pH |
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Term
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Definition
| Hb has lower affinity for oxygen under acidic conditions |
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Term
Which of the following facts about RBCs is not true?
A. they lose their nucleus
B. they are produced in bone marrow
C. they are called leukocytes
D. they carry hemoglobin
E. more than one of the above |
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Definition
| C. they are called erythrocytes |
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Term
| how do you ensure that your lungs keep working |
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Definition
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Term
| shape of the hemoglobin curve |
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Definition
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Term
| what does most co2 become to make its way back to lungs? |
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Definition
| carbonic acid carried by red blood cells |
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