Term
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Definition
| Must eat things to get the sun's energy |
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Term
| How do animals store carbs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hetertrophic, store food as glycogen, no cell walls, two specific types of tissue: Muscles and nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| development of a head end. Aids locomotion and sensory and feeding structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| through gut, sac-like gut |
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Term
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Definition
| has one opening that functions as both mouth and anus |
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Term
| complete digestive system |
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Definition
| also called through gut, has both a mouth and anus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| false body cavity (filled body cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
| True body cavity--lined with peritoneum |
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Term
| Advantages of the Coeloem (5) |
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Definition
space for internal organs
locomotion-flexibility
hydrostatic skeleton
Independent movement of gut from body
Excretion of metabolic wastes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fused segments in insects
head, thorax, abdomen |
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Term
Origins of multicellularity:
Colonial theory |
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Definition
| predicts planulated larval form similar to anemones and jellyfish |
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Term
Origins of multicellularity:
Synctial theory |
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Definition
| predicts a bilateral ancestor, the problem is that this predicts flatworms before the more primitive cnidaria |
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Term
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Definition
Multicellularity without true tissues
some cellular cooperation
no nervous system
adults are asymetrical or radial
sessile--sespension feeders. |
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Term
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Definition
| flagellated collar cells that pull in food |
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Term
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Definition
| pick up and distribute food |
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Term
| Inorganic skeleton of porifera |
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Definition
| spicules made of carbonate or silicate, produced by sclerocytes |
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Term
| Organic skeleton of porifera |
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Definition
| made of collagen and spongin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| modified collagin, made by spongocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| substance between the outer layer and the inner layer |
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Term
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Definition
| around ostio and dermal pores, contractile |
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Term
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Definition
| highly motile, digestion and transport |
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Term
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Definition
| the large opening where water goes out |
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Term
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Definition
| small holes where water goes in |
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Term
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Definition
| single osculum, flagellated spongocoel, size limited |
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Term
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Definition
| flagellated canals, choanoderm folded, more surface area, more water flow, larger body size |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple ostulum, flagellated chambers, even more folded, greater cell numbers, more surface area, water flow, and larger body size |
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Term
| Asexual reproduction of porifera |
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Definition
| by budding or the formation of weather resitant gemmules |
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Term
| sexula reproduction of porifera |
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Definition
| hemaphrodites, fertilization produces ciliated larva that disperse, settle, and form new spongues. |
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Term
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Definition
| skeletons of calcite, may be asconoid, syconoid, or leuconoid, but are mostly asconoid |
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Term
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Definition
| skeletons of silicate (called the glass spongues) all syconoid |
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Term
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Definition
| varying skeletons, leuconoid, 90% of all spongues, can have colored amebocytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cells used for preditation and defence |
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Term
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Definition
| stinging cells that 'launch' |
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Term
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Definition
| stinging cells that capture and hold prey |
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Term
| Cnidarian characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
diploblastic
endoderm-gastrodermis
exoderm-epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
sexual - seperate sexes
asexual - cloning of the parent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| true jellyfish, typically no polyp phases |
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Term
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Definition
| anemones and corals, most abudant, have a dominant polyp stage |
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Term
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Definition
| flatworms: Tubellarians, flukes, tapeworms |
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Term
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Definition
| acoelomate, cephilization, 85% are paracitic, triploblastic, bilateral symetry |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Turbellaria characteristics |
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Definition
| varying, some colorful and/or large, ventral mouth for feeding, branched gut for dissection, flame cells for water regulation, ladder type nerve cord, reproduce by asexual splitting or sexually (hemaphorditic) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Trematoda Characteristics: |
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Definition
| mostly endoparasites, one or more suckers, leaf like shape |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all endoparacites, have scolex for attachment (scoles - head end), ribbon-like body, chain of body segments, proglottids - filled with eggs new (head) old (break off in feces) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| psuedocoelomates, over 20,000 species, high reproductive capacity - 1000 to 200,000 eggs/ day, longitudinal muscles only, protective outer cuticle, often use insects as vectors, |
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Term
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Definition
| True body cavity, peritoneum between organs and coelom, form mesoderm, successful group (90% of all organisms) high degree of organization, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, support of organs, locomation |
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Term
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Definition
| schizocoelus or euterocoelous |
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Term
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Definition
| protosomes, mouth forms from blastopore |
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Term
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Definition
| deuterstomes, anus forms from blastopore |
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Term
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Definition
| the segmented worms, complete gut, closed circulation, nervous system is well developed |
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Term
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Definition
| elongated body, usually cylindrical, head, segmented trunk (with serial homology, appears externally as annuli (rings) internally seperated by sepia) |
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Term
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Definition
| uses both circular and longitudinal muscles to inch along |
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Term
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Definition
| sandworms, tubeworms; means many hairs (sometimes look like plants) most primitive annelids, almost all marine, head often has apendages |
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Term
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Definition
| earthworms, freshwater worms; means few hairs, few setae, mostly freshwater and terrestrial, mostly burrows <1mm to >3 m, simple head, hemaphroditic, have clitellum |
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Term
| Oligochaeta sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| hemaphroditic, coccons of mucus form from clitellum, produces mucus, casting, and albumin, fertilization occurs in albumin |
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Term
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Definition
| Dorsoventrally flattened, .05 to 25 cm long, fresh and salt water, damp land; mostly free living predators, ectoparasites, have anterior and posterior suckers, have clitellum, no parapodia or setae. ((LEACHES)) |
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Term
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Definition
| crustaceans, spiders, insects (over two million species) |
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Term
| Arthropoda Characteristics |
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Definition
| 'joint legged animals' protostomates, exoskeleton made of chitin, body segments grouped into units called tagmata. |
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Term
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Definition
| trilobites - most are < 5 cm, they were abundant 500-600bybp, they were exclusively marine, mostly benthic |
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Term
| Subphylum Cheliceriformes |
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Definition
class chelicerata
subclass merastomata |
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Term
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Definition
| usually t tagmata, prosoma, and opistosoma; apendages: chelicerae for feeding and pedipalps for feeding and sperm transfer as well as walking legs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Scorpiones, Acari, Araneae |
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Term
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Definition
| amongst the most anchient terrestrial arthropods, short chelicerae, large pedipalps with chelae (pinchers) |
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Term
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Definition
| mites, ticks, chiggers; many are pests: disease vectors and parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiders, over 35,000 spiders, have modified legs as spinnerettes, poison glands |
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Term
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Definition
| a fiverous protein similar to nylon, extruded through spinnerettes |
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Term
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Definition
| hairs for mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors - simple eyes but highly developed in jumping spiders |
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Term
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Definition
| complex sexual displays, internal fertilization, sperm transfer via pedipalps, maternal care is common |
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Term
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Definition
two pair of antennae, one pair of mandibles, branched apendages
class copepoda -- cyclops
class malacostraca -- more common, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, pill bugs |
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Term
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Definition
| insects and their relatives, one pair of antennae, one pair of jawlike mandibles, compund eyes, unbranched apendages |
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Term
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Definition
| milipedes, two pair of legs per segment |
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Term
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Definition
| centipedes, one pair of legs per segment, fast moving carnivores, jaws w/ venom |
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Term
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Definition
| more than one million species, 75% of all animals are insects, incredible diversity and success |
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Term
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Definition
| size-most are small, they are the only true flying arthropods, and have an exoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| metamorphase through numerous instars |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete metamorphosis; young look like adults but are mising structures like wings and sex structures, juvaniles are called nymphs |
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Term
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Definition
| complete metamorphosis, worm like larvae unlike adults, undergo pupatation |
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Term
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Definition
| spiny skin, all marine, found in intertidal regions to 12,ooo m deep |
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Term
| 3 distinctive features of Echinoderms |
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Definition
| bilateral larva, adults with radial or biradial symmetry, calcareous spines, extensions of hard exoskeleton, hydraulic locomotive system - water vascular system with tube feet |
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Term
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Definition
| more than 47,000 species subphyla: urochordata, cephalochordata, vertabrata |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no jaws, lamphrey, hagfish |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| four limbed; amphibia, reptilia, aves, mamalia |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest class, dominant tetrapod from 300 mybp, 'double life' three chambered heart, ectothermic with bone skeleton, smoth moist skin with poision and mucus glands, larval stage that metamorphosizes, fertilizaation mostly external |
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Term
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Definition
| 7,000 species, pivotal group of vertebrates, very successful 65-230mybp, first tetrapod to break tie with water, cloicloic egg (special membrane = amnion,) four chambered heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the birds, 8,600 species, 'glorified reptiles' first vertebrates to fly, found in all habitats, characteristics: body covering of feathers made of keratin, endotherms, four chambered heart |
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Term
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Definition
| benthic dwellers, half chordate, (dorsal nerve cord, gillk slits, tornaria larva, morphologicall similar to bipinaria larva |
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Term
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Definition
| notocohord, (endoskeleton stiffening rod, must be present at least embryonically) dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill slits, and post anal tail (both must be present at least embryonically.) |
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Term
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Definition
| literally head chord, lancelets, characteristics: pharynx=feeding basket, dorsal fin, all typical chordate characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| tail chord, sea squirts or tunicates, tunic - cellulose sink of tunicin, secondarily lost coelom, many sessile, free swimming larval stage |
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Term
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Definition
| aquatic,ectothermic, jaws, paired fins, two chambered heart |
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