Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bio 121 Vocabulary
Bio 121 w/Dr. Redfield
40
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/09/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Define chromosome
Definition
a structure of wound up DNA which carries hereditary material.
Term
Define centromere
Definition
The place where sister chromatids are joined
Term
Define sister chromatid
Definition
chromosome copies which occur when a chromosome is replicated.
Term
Define homologous chromosomes
Definition
chromosomes which are similar in size, shape and gene content. They pair together.
Term
Define tetrad
Definition
homologous chromosomes which are joined together
Term
Define haploid
Definition
having one of each type of chromosome.
Term
Define diploid
Definition
having two of each type of chromosome
Term
What does it mean to be polyploid?
Definition
To have more than two of each type of chromosome.
Term
What is ploidy?
Definition
It refers to the number of each type of chromosome present.
Term
What is the principle of independent assortment?
Definition
The idea that alleles of different genes are transmitted independently of one another.
Term
What is the principle of segregation?
Definition
The idea that each gamete only carries one allele for a certain trait because they are separated during meiosis.
Term
Define polymorphism
Definition
In a population, more than two phenotypes present.
Term
Define homology
Definition
a similarity that exists between two species that descended from a common ancestor.
Term
What is a vestigial trait?
Definition
A bodily structure which has little or no function but is similar to a bodily structure in another species.
Term
List the two condensed points of Darwin's four postulates of natural selection.
Definition
1. heritable variation leads to 2. differential success in survival and reproduction.
Term
What is genetic drift?
Definition
random changes in allele frequencies. Most important in small populations
Term
What is gene flow?
Definition
the movement of alleles between populations and the decrease of variation between populations.
Term
Define mutation
Definition
New alleles are produced due to accidental changes in the genetic code.
Term
Define sexual dimorphism
Definition
Traits which differ between males and females. e.g. male lions have manes and females don't.
Term
Define speciation
Definition
the splitting event that creates two or more distinct species from a single ancestral group.
Term
What is temporal isolation?
Definition
When populations are isolated because they breed at different times, thus they never interbreed.
Term
What is habitat isolation?
Definition
populations are isolated because they breed in different habitats.
Term
What is behavioral isolation?
Definition
Populations do not interbreed because they have different courtship rituals that aren't compatible with each other.
Term
What is gametic barrier?
Definition
The gametes of two species will not combine, resulting in no offspring.
Term
What is mechanical isolation?
Definition
When the genitals of the species do not fit together, so they cannot mate.
Term
Define hybrid viability
Definition
hybrid offspring do not develop, so they die as embryos.
Term
Define hybrid sterility
Definition
The hybrid offspring will grow to adulthood but will be sterile.
Term
Define sympatry
Definition
populations or species which live close enough together to make interbreeding possible.
Term
define homoplasy
Definition
traits that are similar but did not arise from common ancestry.
Term
What is adaptive radiation?
Definition
occurs when a single lineage produces many descendant species that live in a wide variety of habitats.
Term
What is Net Primary Productivity? (NPP)
Definition
The total amount of carbon fixed per year minus the amount of fixed carbon oxidized during cellular respiration.
Term
Define Fecundity
Definition
The number of female offspring produced by each female in the population.
Term
What is a primary producer?
Definition
An autotroph. For example, plants.
Term
What is a primary consumer?
Definition
A herbivore.
Term
What is a secondary consumer?
Definition
Consumers which eat herbivores.
Term
What is a primary decomposer?
Definition
Those who eat dead plant and animal matter, such as bacteria.
Term
Define Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)
Definition
The total amount of photosynthesis in a given area and time period.
Term
Define Gene duplication
Definition
The formation of an additional copy of a gene, typically by misalignment of chromosomes during crossing over.
Term
What is an outgroup?
Definition
whenever three or more monophyletic groups of organisms are compared, and all but one of them are more closely related to each other than any single one of them is to the last, the latter group is known as the outgroup.
Term
Define epistasis
Definition
Phenotypic interactions between alleles of different genes. Example: An allele causing baldness is epistatic to alleles of a different locus that determine hair colour (think of “epistatic to” as meaning “hides the effect of.”)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!