Term
| How many species have been identified and named? |
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Definition
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| a change in the genetic make-up of a population over time as a result of natural selection |
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| Hierarchy of biological organization |
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Definition
| Life contains an order of structural levels, with each level building on the levels beneath it |
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Definition
| all of the environments on earth that are inhabited by life |
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Definition
| all living things in a particular area, along with non-living environmental components with which life interacts |
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| The entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem |
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| Individuals of a species living within the bounds of a particular area |
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| body part consisting of 2 or more tissues, which carries out a specific function within an organism |
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| group of cells from similar embryonic origins that combine to form organs |
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| the fundamental unit of structure and function in life |
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| various functional components that make up cells |
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Definition
| chemical structure consisting of 2 or more atoms |
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| all units of matter smaller than the atom |
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| a property that emerges as a result of interactions between components as complexity increases |
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Definition
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Term
| All levels of biological organization are thermodynamically "_____________" |
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Definition
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Term
| Energy Flow & Transformation |
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Definition
1) Sunlight goes into the producers
2) Heat comes out of these producers
3) The producers make chemical energy
4) This chemical energy goes into consumers
5) Heat comes out of these consumers |
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Definition
| cells which lack internal cellular membranes |
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Definition
| cells which have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
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Definition
| lowest level or organization that perform all activities required for life |
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Definition
| acquisition of traits by transmission of DNA from parent to offspring |
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Definition
| Ability to maintain their structure and regulate their internal environment |
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Definition
| Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
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Definition
| Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia |
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Term
| Taxonomic Classifications |
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Definition
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
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Definition
| the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life |
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Definition
| anything that takes up space and has mass |
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Definition
| a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions |
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Term
| 4 elements that make up about 96% of living matter |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
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Definition
| Subatomic particle; one unit of positive charge |
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Definition
| subatomic particle; one unit of negative charge |
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Definition
| subatomic particle; no charge |
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Definition
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Definition
| Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
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Definition
| the atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons |
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Definition
| the electrons in the atoms' electron shells |
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Definition
| the number of chemical bonds that an atom will form |
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Term
| An atom with an incomplete electron shell is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| An atom with a full electron shell is ________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Blimp that blew up because it was filled with Hydrogen, which is reactive |
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Term
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Definition
-involve the sharing of valence electrons by two atoms
-strongest of the chemical bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom's capacity to attract and hold electrons within a covalent bond |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-polar covalent bond; electronegativity is identical |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-polar covalent bond; electronegativity is very close |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-polar covalent bond; electronegativity is identical |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms making up the bond are significantly different in their electronegativity; there is an unequal sharing of the electrons |
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Definition
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Definition
| occurs when 2 atoms are so unequal in their attraction for valence electrons that the more electronegative atom strips an electron from another atom |
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Definition
| have a positive charge because they donate electrons |
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Definition
| have a negative charge because they accept electrons |
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Definition
| a weak association between a hydrogen atom (which is already covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom) and another electronegative atom |
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Term
| van der Waals interactions |
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Definition
- non-specific, weak interactions between two closely-space atoms
- found in every single molecule we know of
- occur due to random fluctuations in electron distributions around the atoms involved
- a transient dipole exists between the two atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| a temporary separation of equal and opposite partial charges within a region of a molecule |
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Definition
| attraction between like molecules |
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Definition
| attraction between unlike molecules |
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Definition
| the force that allows the surface of a liquid to stretch without breaking, due to the ordered arrangement of water molecules hydrogen-bonded to one another at the surface of the water |
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Definition
| the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius |
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Definition
| the total kinetic energy due to the motion of molecules within matter |
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Definition
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Definition
| the measure of heat of matter; represents the average kinetic energy, regardless of volume |
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Term
| High heat of vaporization |
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Definition
| quantity of heat energy required for 1 gram of a substance to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state |
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Term
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Definition
| As water evaporates, the surface of the liquid that remains behind cools down; the hottest molecules are the most likely to evaporate, so what's left is on average cooler. |
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Term
| Polar substances are (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonpolar substances are (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The hydrogen atom of one water molecule leaves an electron behind, and joins with another water molecule as a hydrogen ion |
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Definition
| A substance which increases the concentration of H+ in a solution (adds protons); lowers pH |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance which reduces the concentration of OH- in a solution (gets rid of protons); raises pH |
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Definition
| any form of precipitation where the pH of the precipitation is below pH 5.5 |
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Term
| Which atoms are the most versatile building blocks of molecules? |
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Definition
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Definition
| molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon; major components of fossil fuels; generally hydrophobic |
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Definition
| molecules which contain the same atoms but have those atoms arranged in different patterns |
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Definition
| molecules which contain the same atoms but have a different shape because the atoms are arranged differently |
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Definition
| molecules which contain the same atoms but the groups around a carbon-carbon double bond are arranged differently |
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Term
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Definition
| Isomers that are mirror images of one another |
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Definition
| drug used to treat morning sickness in the 1950's; caused birth defects |
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Term
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Definition
- (-OH)
- polar (because the electrons are closer to the oxygen than the hydrogen)
- hydrogen bonds with water
- can help dissolve organic compounds such as sugars |
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Term
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Definition
- (-C=H)
- Polar
- Ketone or Aldehyde |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbonyl functional group; only if the carbonyl group is within the carbon skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbonyl functional group; only is the carbonyl group is at one of the ends of the carbon skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
- (-COOH)
- has acidic properties (H+ donor)
- participates in the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids in proteins
- Polar |
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Term
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Definition
- (-NH2)
- accepts H+ from water in living systems (takes on a 1+ charge)
- acts as a base
- participates in the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids in proteins |
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Term
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Definition
- (-SH)
- 2 of these functional groups can form a covalent bond to help stabilize protein structure
- Determines curliness of hair |
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Term
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Definition
- (-PO4)
- Polar
- These are important in energy transfer in cells |
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Term
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Definition
- (-CH3)
- Very nonpolar functional group
- Hydrophobic |
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