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Bio 118 Exam 5
N/A
37
Biology
Undergraduate 2
06/07/2011

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Term
Alveloi
Definition
sacs inside the lungs
Term
alveloar
Definition
maccrophage(WBC)-protect the sac on crawl patrol via phagocyotosis
Term
respitory epithelium
Definition

needs moist to live

h2o, surface tension

can also impede expansion as well as hold shape

Term
surfactant cells
Definition

oil, detergent like

dec. surface tension to help expand

at 7mnth gestation, developed

now artif. to help pre-bes before lost of o2

 

Term
pressure, breatheing
Definition

gradient like h2o

Plung<Patm=inhale

Plung>Patm=exhale

Term
inspiration
Definition

inc. in volume

pressure greater outside the lungs

Term
expiration
Definition

dec. in volume

pressure greater in lungs

Term
diaphramgm
Definition

skeletal muscle

relax=expire

contract=inspire

via elastic recall

used in quiet breathing

Term
intercostal muscles
Definition

pull ribs apart=inspire

pull together=expire

between ribs

Term
breathing
Definition

quiet

inpr. active with diaph

expir. passive with elastic recall

forced

insp. with active with diap and intercostal

expir. with active all

Term
Emphysema
Definition

destroy walls bettwen alveoli

dec. SA

dec elastic tissue

so hard to breathe out

Term
Tidal volume
Definition

500ml

quiet breathing

with elastic tissue

Term
forced breathing
Definition

expire-1000ml

inspire-2-3L

Term
total lung capacity
Definition
6L
Term
residual volume
Definition

1L

in bron tree and elastic tissue

Term
atmospheric pressure
Definition

760mmHg, 3/4 yard

O2=21%

CO2=<1%

N2=about 79%

Term
partial pressure
Definition

pressure contributed by a sing;e gas in a mixture of gases

O2=21%=160mm

CO2=<1%=0.23mm

N2=80%=600mm

Term
Partial Pressure cycle
Definition

@lungs

Blood  alvelear

PO2  <   PO2

PCO2   > PCO2

@tissue

blood    tissue

PO2  > PO2

PCO2   <  PCO2

Term
hemoglobin
Definition

@restO2 0.3ml/100ml plasma

250 ml a minute

out of 5L in total blood a minute

so hemoglobin helps out

carries O2 release when needed

Term
gas exchange
Definition

CO2 + H2O= H+ +HCO3-

carbon anhydrase                   bicarbonate

@tissue--bicarbonate

@pulminary---make CO2

HB+O2=HBO2+H+

 

Exchange the H+ from lungs and tissueso PH in blood in stable

Term
breathing in the brain
Definition

brainstem

Respirtory center

inspir                                  expire

diaph/inter                             intercostal

stretch recp

in lung

-      inflate     +

+       deflate    -

Term

chemorecptors

in NS

Definition

CNS

brainstem

CSF--- Pco2, Ph

Pco2 inc. Po2 dec. Ph dec.

Pco2 dec. Po2 inc. Ph inc.

PNS

aorta, carotid arteries brain

blood---Pco2, po2, ph

ventilation

inc. (rate/depth)

dec (rate/depth)

Term
digestion
Definition

ingest----secration--absobtion---excretaion

mechanical---macro with eyes

chemical--micro

Term
GI tract
Definition

entire system

mucosa

muscularis exteria

 

Term
mucosa
Definition

mucus

folds inc. SA

vasculature to get nutrients into blood

Term
muscularis exterria
Definition

smooth muscle

no striaitons--- no sacrameres-no dimmer in ap

pulls in all directons

greater contractions, slower

via inc Ca2+ in cell

Term
controling GI tract
Definition

motor neuron (via ANS)

hormones

pacesetter cells scattered around

gap junctions

Term
mesenteries
Definition

tough, connective tissure, sheets

anchored to stablize

Term
peristalise
Definition

short, push, relax

coordinated waves on contractions

Term
mouth
Definition

mechanical digestion

salivary glands---1-1.5 L a day

saliva--h2o and lysozyme(antimicro)--osmosis

salivary amylase

protein breaks down starch(chemical)

Term
bolus
Definition
lump of food
Term
esophagus
Definition

mix of muscles

skeletal-swallow

smooth-peristalis

 

Term
epiglotitis
Definition

flap closed when swallow so cant breathe

7-9 secs till in stomach

Term
sphincter lower esphagual
Definition

prevent acid upturn

caffeine, alcohol,chocolate can cause acid reflex or heart burn

Term
stomach
Definition

reserve storage 1-1.5L

mechanical-churning

chemical

HCL(ph 1.5-2) kill bacteria

pepsinogen(inact)---(active)pepsin breaks down protein

mucus- basic so protects

all creates gastrc juice + food + churning= acid chyme

 

Term
ulcers
Definition

erosion of GI tract lining

small hole in wall

10% have it

H. Pylori like low Phbacter 40% have it 80% with ulcers

aspirin inhibit mucus

antacid-basic

milk-basic

Term
stomach regulation
Definition

cephalic

gastric

intestinal

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