Term
What are three characteristics of a less developed country (LDC)?
|
|
Definition
|
high fertility rate
|
|
high infant mortality rate
|
|
low per capita income
|
|
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a nonrenewable resource? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three factors are most important in determining human impact on the environment? |
|
Definition
| population, affluence, and technology |
|
|
Term
| What is the Impact Prediction Formula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does each letter of the IPAT formula stand for? |
|
Definition
I= Environmental Impact
P= Poulation
A= Affluence per person
T= Technology |
|
|
Term
| Environmental Sustainability |
|
Definition
| The ability to meet humanity's current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs |
|
|
Term
| What is a major reason that problems of environmental sustainability are difficult to resolve? |
|
Definition
| We have inadequate scientific understanding of how the environment works and how different human choices affect the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The interdisciplinary study of humanity's relationship with other organisms and the non-living physical environment |
|
|
Term
| What are the five steps of the scientific method? |
|
Definition
1- Recognize a Problem/ Unanswered Q
2- Hypotheses
3- Experiment/ Test Hypotheses
4- Analyze/ Interpret Data
5- Theory/ Share with other scientist |
|
|
Term
| A scientist wants to study the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth and designs an experiment. Which of the following is the variable in the experiment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is used to describe something that is exposed to all other aspects of an experiment except the variable?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five stages in addressing an environmental problem? |
|
Definition
1- Scientific Assessment
2- Risk Analysis
3. Public Education & Involvement
4. Political Action
5. Evaluation
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Economic growth that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own economic needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The use of goods and services that satisfy basic human needs and improve the quality of life but that also minimize the use of resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
To the use of goods and services that satisfy basic human needs and improve the quality of life but that also minimize the use of resources
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A field of applied ethics that considers the moral basis of environmental responsibility and how far this responsibility extends |
|
|
Term
| Intense logging operations are examples of what type of worldview? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People who recognize that a person's values and character define that individual more than how many things he or she owns, embraces the concept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The right of every citizen, regardless of age, race, gender, social class, or other factor, to adequate protection from environmental hazards |
|
|
Term
| Which communities are exposed to a disproportionate share of environmental hazards? |
|
Definition
| Low-income and minority communities in both urban and rural areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The maximum population that can be sustained by a given environment or by the world as a whole |
|
|
Term
| One way to stay within the earth's carrying capacity is to control human population growth. What is the other way to stay within the earth's carrying capacity? |
|
Definition
| Manage excessive consumption and waste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number and variety of Earth's organisms |
|
|
Term
| Yanomami children in Brazil enjoy a photographer's camera. However, intrusion into isolated areas such as the Amazon Basin can have what negative effect? |
|
Definition
| Biological Diversity is threatened |
|
|
Term
| Young trees in Scotland that are being cultivated as part of a reforestation project on land unsuitable for growing crops. What is this is an example of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why are those who live in highly developed countries at the core of problems facing the global environment? |
|
Definition
| They consume a disproportionate share of resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sensible and careful management of natural resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Setting aside undisturbed areas, maintaining them in a pristine state, and protecting them from human activities that might alter their “natural” state |
|
|
Term
| Fields that have been plowed and planted to conform to the natural contours of the land and thus reduce soil erosion is an example of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The desire to conquer nature and put its resources to use in the most lucrative manner possible |
|
|
Term
Who wrote about living in harmony with the natural world?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Yosemite and Sequoia national parks were established, largely in response to the efforts of which naturalist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What contribution to our understanding of the environment did Wallace Stegner provide? |
|
Definition
| Helped create support for the passage of the Wilderness Act of 1964 |
|
|
Term
| When did many U.S. naturalists first become concerned about conserving natural resources? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Utilitarian Conservationist |
|
Definition
|
A person who values natural resources because of their usefulness to us but uses them sensibly and carefully |
|
|
Term
| Biocentric Preservationist |
|
Definition
| A peson who believes in protecting nature because all forms of life deserve respect and consideration |
|
|
Term
| Why is the National Environmental Policy Act the cornerstone of U.S. environmental law? |
|
Definition
It states that the federal government must consider the environmental impact of a proposed federal action when making decisions about that action
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of evaluating and presenting to decision makers the relative benefits and costs of various alternatives? |
|
|
Term
| Economics depend on natural capital for sources of raw materials and sinks for waste products. Sinks are associated with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are national income accounts incomplete estimates of national economic performance? |
|
Definition
| They don't take into account natural resource depletion or the costs and benefits of pollution control |
|
|
Term
| An oil field being drained under the seafloor is an example of what? |
|
Definition
| Natural Resource Depletion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pollution control laws that work by setting limits on levels of pollution |
|
|
Term
| Insentive-based regulations |
|
Definition
| Pollution control laws that work by establishing emission targets and providing industries with incentives to reduce emissions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painted lifelike portraits of birds and other animals in their natural surroundings that aroused widespread public interest in the wildlife of North America |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first head of the U.S. Forest Service. Was a utilitarian Conservationists. Viewed forests in terms to there usefulness to humans. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three levels of endangered species? |
|
Definition
| Endangered, Threatened, and Proposed |
|
|
Term
| Sensible human use of resources (renewable) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Areas set aside and protected from humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Man of Nature- inspired by Henry Thoreau |
|
|
Term
| American Forestry Association |
|
Definition
| Formed by citizens concerned with mass cutting down of forests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allowed President to establish forest reserves. Reversed in 1907 because presidents like Roosevelt were setting aside large amounts of forest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viewed forests as useful to people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viewpoint that all living things need access to all resources of the earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marine biologists. Feared birds would die due to overuse of pesticides. Died of breast cancer caused by pesticides. |
|
|
Term
| National Environment Policy Act (NEPA) (1969) |
|
Definition
| Passed by Nixon. Anytime federal government wants to do something they have to write an environment impact statement, consider the effects of the project, and allow the public to tell them what they think about it. |
|
|
Term
| Six steps of environmental regulation |
|
Definition
1) Problem Recognized
2) Full Cost Accounting
3) Congress drafts legislation
4) Legislation passed
5) EPA translates law into regulations
6) Law enforced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of how we decide to use scarce resources to provide goods and services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Harmful environmental or social cost. Not directly involved in transaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three things make up Sustainable Development? |
|
Definition
| Environment, Social, and Economic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diversity of living organisms |
|
|
Term
| What % of humans live in extreme poverty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of the world's population is highly developed? |
|
Definition
|
|
