Term
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Definition
| ____ deals with the composition of matter and how it changes |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ is anything that has mass (weight) and volume (takes up space) |
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Term
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Definition
| Matter is made up of substances known as ____, of which there are about 90 different naturally occurring substances. |
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Term
| Name the 6 elements that make up 98% of the human body |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur |
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Term
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Definition
| Iron, copper, and zinc are examples of _____ elements needed by the body. |
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Term
Solid, liquid, gas
(no particular order) |
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Definition
| The three states of matter are ___, ____, and ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| The simplest, complete particle of matter is the ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ is formed when two or more atom chemically combine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule that is made up of atoms of different elements can also be called a _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that is made of 2 or more atoms chemically combine that are atoms of the same elements are usually referred to as _______ |
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Term
| Protons, neutron, electrons |
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Definition
| Name the 3 particles that make up an atom |
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Term
| Periodic Table of Elements |
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Definition
| Each element has its own type of atom identified on the _____ by the number of protons in the atom |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are atomic particles that have a positive charge and are located within the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are atomic particles that have a neutral (no) charge and are located within the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are atomic particles that have a negative charge and are in orbitals (energy levels) surrounding the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| Which two atomic particles make up the mass of an atom? |
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Term
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Definition
| The atomic number of each element, on the Periodic Table, represents the number of ____ in the atom of an element |
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Term
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Definition
| The atomic mass number for each element, on the Periodic Table, is the total number of ____ and ____ found in the nucleus of an average atom for an element |
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Term
| Atomic mass number – Atomic number = #of neutrons |
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Definition
| Describe how to calculate the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an average atom for an element |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms of the same elements, with different atomic masses are known as _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of _____ in their nucleus, causing different atomic mass numbers. Example C12 vs C14 |
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Term
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Definition
| For a balanced atom, the number of electrons equals the number of _____ for the atom of an element |
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Term
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Definition
Use the Periodic Table to answer the following question:
How many protons are in an atom of Calcium (Ca)? |
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Term
20
39 – 19 = 20
Atomic mass number – Atomic number |
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Definition
Use the Periodic Table to answer the following question:
How many neutrons are in an atom of Sodium (Na)? |
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Term
16
Atomic number
Number of protons = electrons in a balanced atom |
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Definition
Use the Periodic Table to answer the following question:
How many protons are in a balanced atom of Sulfur (S)? |
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Term
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Definition
Atomic structure
How many electrons fill the orbital (energy level) closest to the nucleus of an atom? (first energy level) |
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Term
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Definition
Atomic structure
How many electrons fill the 2nd orbital (energy level) from the nucleus of an atom? |
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Term
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Definition
Atomic structure
When filling orbitals (energy levels) with electrons, you fill the orbitals closest to the ____ before moving to the next orbital (energy level) |
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Term
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Definition
| Which orbital (energy level) is important for chemical bonding? |
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Term
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Definition
Chemical Bonds
A chemical bond formed between ions is known as a _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| A/An ___ is an atom that that lost or gained electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| A/An ____ is an atom of an element that has lost an electron |
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Term
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Definition
| A/An is an atom of an element that has gained an electron |
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Term
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Definition
| In the compound NaCl, which element’s atom is the cation? |
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Term
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Definition
| In the compound NaCl, which element’s atom is the anion? |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrogen atom that has lost an electron forms a _____? |
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Term
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Definition
| The polyatomic ion (OH)- is a/an ____ ion |
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Term
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Definition
| (OH)- is also known as the functional group ____ in macromolecules |
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Term
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Definition
| A ____ bond is formed with atoms form molecules by sharing electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ____ covalent bond is form when atoms unequally share electrons to from molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ covalent bond is formed when atoms equally share electrons to from molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| There will be ____ areas within molecules that are formed by polar covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules formed with ____ covalent bonds do not have charges |
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Term
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Definition
An attraction between charged areas within molecules or between different charged molecules is known as a/an ______ bond
(example: attraction between water molecules) |
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Term
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Definition
| A _______ occurs as bonds are formed or broken between atoms, ions, or molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms or molecules changed during a chemical reaction are the ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms or molecules produced during a chemical reaction are the ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reactions where smaller molecules are joined into larger molecules are known as _____ reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reactions where larger molecules are broken into smaller molecules are known as ____ reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| A synthesis reaction where molecules are joined to form larger molecules by removing a molecule of water is known as a ____ reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| A decomposition reaction where molecules are broken into smaller molecules by the addition of water is known as a ____ reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| A ____ is a substance that affects the speed of a chemical reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______, specialized proteins, are known as biological catalyst that speed up chemical reactions in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that release ions when dissolved in water are known as ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that release H+ (hydrogen ions) in water are known as ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that release (OH)- (hydroxyl ions) in water are known as ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| The ___ is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance with a pH below 7 is known as a/an ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance with a pH above 7 is known as a/an ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in pH within the body are monitored through ______ mechanisms to keep the pH within a specific range. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ is a substance that resist a change in pH |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance with a pH of 7 is said to have a/an ___ pH |
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Term
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Definition
| Human blood has a normal pH of ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| Between each whole number of the pH scale there is a ____ difference in hydrogen ion concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| On the pH scale a substance with a pH of 4 has a concentration of H+ ions ____ times more than a substance with a pH of 6. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ Compounds always contain both carbon and hydrogen at the same time and are formed with covalent bonds and maybe large molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ Compounds do not contain carbon and hydrogen at the same time, most are formed with ionic bonds, and are usually smaller molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Water, H2O, is classified as a/an ____ molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Water is an important ______ so that metabolic reactions can occur |
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Term
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Definition
| The inorganic molecule ____ is needed so that energy can released from food molecules during aerobic cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| The inorganic substance ____ is released during energy releasing metabolic processes as a waste product |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide, CO2, is classified as a/an ___ molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Methane, CH4, is classified as a/an ____ molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Large organic molecules that are made up of repeating units and are important to life, are known as __________ |
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Term
| Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
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Definition
| Name the four classifications of macromolecules important for life |
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Term
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Definition
| _______ is a group of macromolecules that provide energy for cellular activities and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| The monomer (basic unit) for carbohydrates is the ________ |
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Term
| Glucose, fructose, galactose also ribose and deoxyribose could be named |
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Definition
| Name three examples of monosaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| Two carbohydrate monomers linked together form __________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Three or more carbohydrate monomers linked together form ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is a disaccharide form from linking together a glucose and a fructose molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| A polysaccharide made up of many glucose molecules, produced by plants, are the ______. Used for glucose storage in plants |
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Term
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Definition
| A polysaccharide used for glucose storage in our bodies is ____, which is stored in muscles and the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which two monosaccharides make up the disaccharide lactose? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which two monosaccharides make up the disaccharide maltose? |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are organic substances (macromolecules) that are insoluble in water and include triglycerides (fats), phospholipids, and steroids. |
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Term
Glycerol
Fatty acid chains |
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Definition
| Fats are made up of one ____ joined to three ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| A ____ fat has no double bonds within the fatty acid chains |
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Term
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Definition
| A/an ____ fat has at least one double bond within the fatty acid chains |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ fats are usually solids at room temperature and produced by animals |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ fats are usually liquids at room temperature and produced by plants |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are specialized lipids making up cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are made up of a glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are made up of four complex rings and include cholesterol. |
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Term
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Definition
| _______have a great variety of functions in the body--as structural materials, as energy sources, as certain hormones, as receptors on cell membranes, as antibodies, and as enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The monomers (basic units) of proteins are the ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino acids are linked together with a special bond called a ______ bond |
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Term
Primary,
secondary, tertiary, quaternary |
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Definition
| Name the four levels of structure that can be found in protein molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| The order of the amino acids with the polypeptide chain makes up the ____ level of protein structure |
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Term
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Definition
Folding or twisting of the polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonds, make up the ____ level of protein structure.
(forms alpha helix or beta sheets) |
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Term
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Definition
| Forming of the unique structure of a protein makes up the ____ level of protein structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interaction between two or more polypeptide chains to from a complete protein makes up the ____ level of protein structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are macromolecules that make up genes |
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Term
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Definition
| The monomers (basic units) of nucleic acids are known as _____ |
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Term
Sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate group, nitrogen base
(A, T, G, C, U) |
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Definition
| Name the three major parts of a nucleotide |
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Term
|
Definition
| DNA, RNA and ATP are classified as ______ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| DNA has the shape of a ______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| DNA ____ genetic information which are the instructions for protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| The sugar in DNA is _____ |
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Term
| Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
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Definition
| The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are _______________ |
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Term
|
Definition
| In a DNA molecule, Adenine is hydrogen bonded to ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| In a DNA molecule, Guanine is hydrogen bonded to _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA has the shape of a _______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| The sugar in RNA is _____ |
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Term
|
Definition
| _____ decodes the protein instruction of DNA for protein synthesis |
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Term
| Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine |
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Definition
| The nitrogenous bases found In RNA are _____________ |
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Term
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Definition
| ATP is produced during cellular respiration and is the source of cellular ________ |
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Term
| Ribose sugar, Adenine and Three phosphates |
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Definition
| Describe the basic structure of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
[image]
Is this molecule an example of a saturated or unsaturated fat? |
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Term
Unsaturated fat
(last fatty acid chain contains a double bond) |
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Definition
[image]
Is this molecule an example of a saturated or unsaturated fat? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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